The Galician-Volhynian Chronicle is a unique source of information about the early history of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. At the beginning of the XVI century. it was already valuable in this capacity. However, could a scribe of the early sixteenth century have used the text of the thirteenth century without changes? Perhaps there was some kind of "intermediary" between them? The article highlights the issue of using the Galician-Volhynian chronicle and information from it when creating your own historiographical work in Lithuania at the beginning of the XVI century. Attention is focused on the methods of borrowing and the attitude of the compilers (editors) of the legendary part of the 2nd set of chronicles in general to the sources.

The Galician-Volhynian Chronicle (GVL), which is a future part of Ipatievsky, covers events from 1201 to 1292. ¹ The genre inconsistency with the "classical Russian chronicle", the lack of parallel texts and a vicious grid make it difficult to study the history of its creation. The monument contains unique information about the history of the Galician-Volhynian Principality and its relations with its neighbors. The curiosity of the first Galician and then Volhynian chroniclers about the events in Lithuania made this text one of the most valuable sources regarding the early history of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Grand Duchy of Lithuania). The detail and plot nature of the Lithuanian events described gave rise to the hypothesis of the existence of a separate "Lithuanian" (or "Novogrudok") chronicle, which supposedly should have existed in the XIII century. ² This hypothesis was expressed by V. Pashuto, and today it has a thorough critique ³. However, despite the fact that all Lithuanian GVL plots actually exist in the 13th century. written by Galician and Volhynian chroniclers, rather than a scribe from one of the Orthodox monasteries in Litva4, they were evaluated as unique already in the first half of the 16th century when creating a vision of the early history of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania ⁱⁿ this state.

The selection of the text of the Galician-Volyn chronicle from the Ipatiev Chronicle is justified by the fact that it is this part (and not the "Tale of Bygone Years" or the Kievan Chronicle).

Kateryna V. Kirichenko is a Junior Researcher at the Institute of History of Ukraine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Research Sector on the history of Kievan Rus. E-mail: kvk@bigmir.net

I express my sincere gratitude to V. Polishchuk, V. Aristov and Ya. Zatylyuk, whose comments made this text better.

^{Kotlyar M. F.} 1 kompozitsiya, istochniki, zhanrovye i ideynye kharakteristiki Galitsko-Volynskoy letopisi [Composition, sources, genre and ideological characteristics of the Galician-Volyn Chronicle]. - K., 2002. - p. 29-74; Dictionary of scribes and books of Ancient Russia. - Issue 1 (XI-XIV centuries). Leningrad, 1987, pp. 235-241; Gens'or'skaya A. I. Galician-Volyn chronicle (compilation process; editors and editors). - K., 1958. - P. 5,100.

^{Pashuto V. T.} 2 Essays on the history of Galician-Volhynian Rus. Moscow, 1950, pp. 113-114. Formation of the State of Lithuania. - Moscow, 1959. - P. 37-42.

^{Ochmański J.} 3 Nad Kroniką Bychowca // Studia żródłoznawcze. - T.XII. -Warszawa, 1967. - S. 155; Vilkul T. О некоторых источниках литовских известий в Галицко-Волынской летописи // Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės istorijos šaltiniai: faktas, kontekstas, interpretacija: [straipsnių rinkinys]. - Vilnius, 2007. - P. 17-29; Tolochko A. One borrowed formula in the Galician-Volyn chronicle / / Ruthenica. - T. V.-K., 2006. - pp. 256-257.

^{Pashuto V. T.} 4 Obrazovanie Litovskogo gosudarstva [Education of the Lithuanian State], p. 42.

⁵) was one of the main sources for the compiler of the legendary part (LCH) of the 2nd set of chronicles Incl. It is clear that it was hardly possible for a Lithuanian scribe of the early sixteenth century to use the GVL verbatim, and especially the first (so-called Galician) component of it. Not only because the creation of the legendary part is associated with the Soviet lords, and the main "color" that outlined the boyars and their councils in the GVL was black ⁶. But also because the Galician-Volyn chronicle was perceived as someone else's text, from which the compiler tried to dissociate himself.

Comparing the texts of GVL and LCH, it is clear that both the author and the editor (Editors) they actively used the Galician-Volhynian Chronicle to create their own version of the early history of Lithuania. It immediately catches your eye, almost everyone who has studied the legendary part has noticed borrowings from the GVL, which are sometimes just verbatim. However, not a single researcher has determined what exactly, where and how it was borrowed. Below we will try to trace the influence of the text of the Galician-Volhynian Chronicle on the creation and editing of the legendary part of the 2nd set of chronicles of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and explore the methodology of its authors (editors).⁷ with the source text.

At the beginning, it should be noted that the legendary part was quite often approached as a continuation of the chronicle tradition, in which the texts, although they could be reduced by ⁸, were still not radically edited. But in the analyzed material, we observe not a reduction in the GWL, but a complete reworking of it in those parts that relate to Lithuanian history. Historiography noted the use of the Galician-Volyn chronicle in modeling the narrative of the legendary part, but when approaching it as a continuation of the chronicle tradition, a significant "distortion" of the GVL text remained incomprehensible. In fact, if the purpose of creating the legendary part was to describe the early history of Lithuania, why change the names of the characters in the borrowed plots? Should we adopt the names of princes, without linking them to deeds submitted directly in the source (GVL)? Explanations for such striking inconsistencies were offered very different. The most tolerant version for the author of the legendary part was the version of a common source with the Galician-Volyn chronicle.

⁵ it is considered, however, that the previous text of the Ipatiev Code (i.e., the Tale of Bygone Years and the Kievan Chronicle) It was also used in modeling the legendary part (see: Morozova N. Voprosy yazyka i tekstologii letopisi Velikogo knyazhestva Litovskogo: Khronika Bykhovets: Diss. ... d-ra gumanit. Russian Academy of Sciences, Philology, balt. and slav. languages and literature (N 590). - Vilnius, 2001. = Morozova N. Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės metraščių kalbos ir tekstologijos problemos: Bychovco kronika. Daktaro disertacija Humanitariniai mokslai, flologija, baltų ir slavų kalbos ir literatūra. - Vilnius, 2001. - С. 53-60).

⁶ For example, let's compare:

⁷ the legendary part refers to anonymous works with a complex text history. It is quite possible that several people worked on the first and second editions.

⁸ Yak tse, for example, bulo zrobleno v 1-mu zvody litopisiv VKL (div.: Chemeritsky V. A. Rabota avtora pervogo belorussko-litovskogo svoda nad russkimi istochnikami [The work of the author of the first Belarusian-Lithuanian code on Russian sources].

If you stick to this version,the author of the Champions League is relieved of any responsibility for inaccurate facts and incorrect names. He just had such sources with such facts. This idea was followed by scientists at the dawn of the study of the annals of the INCL ⁹ (c. Antonovich ¹⁰, Ya. Yakubovsky ¹¹, etc.). Since such distortions could not occur in the written tradition (the Ipatiev chronicle, originating from the end of the XIII century, was preserved quite well in the lists of the XV-XVII centuries. ¹²), the sources of the author of the legendary part of the story were called oral traditions. This was most clearly shown in the works of V. Antonovich, who considered the author of the LCH to be a collector of local legends and an incorrigible comer of these legends. ¹³ A similar position was taken by Ya. Yakubovsky, who tried to explain the "distortion" of the LCH text in the legendary part by the presence of a common source (oral tradition) ¹⁴. Not far from this concept departed M. Ulashchik. Considering the legendary part of the chronicles and chronicles, he tried to compare the information of the Ipatiev Chronicle and legend ¹⁵, which resulted in the conclusion that " the genealogy (of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania-K. K. the difference between the Ipatiev chronicle and the legend is so significant that the former could not be the source of the latter"¹⁶. The researcher did not explain the coincidence between the texts. Oddly enough, this idea received its own kind of continuation in modern studios. Using the version of the" common source " for GVL and LCH, some authors directly use the genealogy of the legendary part to reconstruct the real genealogies of Lithuanian princes of the XIII-first half of the XIV century. (For example, M. Giedroyc, L. Voitovich, T. Baranauskas)¹⁷.

However, T. Sushitsky already noted that the Galician-Volyn chronicle for the compiler of the legendary part served rather as a source of stylistic character ("perfect, exemplary in terms of style"), and since it was preserved in the lists of the XV-XVI centuries, its text is the basic one for stylistic comparison with the text of the chronicles of the INCL: "the starting point of our comparison The Galician-Volhynian chronicle is one of the first places in this sense. " 18 According ^{to T.} Sushitsky, the Galician-Volhynian chronicle deserves special attention.

⁹ this, in turn, can be explained by the then fascination with folklore and the idea of folklore heritage as a repository of ancient historical knowledge.

^{10. Antonovich} 10 Essay on the history of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania to the death of Grand Duke Olgerd. My confession: selected historical and journalistic works, Moscow, 1995, pp. 632-633.

^{Jakubowski J.} 11 Studya nad stosunkami narodowościowymi na Litwie przed Unią Lubelską. - Warszawa, 1912. - S. 50-51.

¹² The Complete Collection of Russian Chronicles (dal-PSRL), vol. 2, Moscow, 2001, p. E-N.

^{Antonovich V.} 13 Essay on the history of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania before the death of Grand Duke Olgerd. - p. 632.

^{Jakubowski J.} 14 Studya nad stosunkami narodowościowymi na Litwie przed Unią Lubelską. - S. 50-51.

^{Ulashchik N. N.} 15 Introduction to the study of the Belarusian-Lithuanian Chronicle. Moscow, 1985, pp. 145-146.

¹⁶ ibid.

^{Giedroyć M.} 17 The Rulers of Thirteenth-Century Lithuania: a Search for the Origins of Grand Duke Traidenis and his Kin // Oxford Slavonic Papers: New Series. - Vol. XVII. - 1984. - P. 1-22; Voitovich L. Princely dynasties of Eastern Europe (late IX-early XVI centuries): composition, social and political role: historical and genealogical research. - L., 2000. - pp. 283-287; Baranauskas T. Lietuvos valstybės ištakos. - Vilnius, 2001. - P. 411-418.

^{Sushitsky T.} 18 zapadno-russkie letopisi kak pamyatniki literatury: Chast ' II [Western-Russian chronicles as monuments of literature: Part II] / N. A. Nazarevsky [works on the history of writing in ancient Ukraine]. - Vol. 1 / Ed. by V. Peretz]. - K., 1929. - pp. 396, 404.

"also because in some parts of it he was considered a direct source for the Lithuanian chronicle, usually speaking, in its full version in the joint venture [isku] bykh [ovtsa]. Borrowing these parts in their entirety, verbatim, the Lithuanian chronicle in its final presentation could recognize the text of the Galician-Volhynian Chronicle as a model and imitate its approach and manner of narration. As a perfect and exemplary predecessor in terms of style, it has also come down to us in the lists of 15th-and 16th-century cadets, thus providing material that is chronologically advantageous for stylistic comparison. " ¹⁹

In general, T. Sushitsky identified several aspects of the convergence of the GVL and the legendary part, namely::

- Troyden's characteristic, which is completely written off from GVL ²⁰;

- identical historical and poetic comparisons^.;

-presentation ("traditional chronicle", "template") ²²;

- direct speech ("speeches") of the actors ²³;

- the secular nature of both attractions^.;

- chronographic method of narration ("continuity and completeness") ²⁵.

Thus, after a careful comparison, T. Sushitsky concluded that the chronicle of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania depends on the text of the Galician-Volhynian chronicle, calling the latter a direct source for the compilers of the chronicles of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.²⁶

Developing the opinions of his predecessor regarding the view of the stylistic design of the GVL, V. Chemeritsky noted that the author of the legendary part zov sim did not try to be conscientious in transmitting his own sources, and was not the author of the "set" of data. The researcher had no doubts about the use of the Galician-Volhynian chronicle by the compiler of the LCH ²⁷, and stated, giving a comparison, a textual coincidence between the Ipatiev vault and the legendary part in the episode characteristics of Troyden, claimed to borrow the names of Lithuanian princes and plots from the GVL ²⁸.

"As we can see, everything that has been turned upside down, the real state of affairs is completely violated. [ ... ] he (the chronicler - K. K.) was not talking about the true history of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, but about creating his own, artificial, fictitious, biased history of Lithuania." ²⁹

Thus, if we change our view of the purpose of creating a legendary time, then the answer to the question about the occurrence of "distortions" in the LF text is obvious. Summing up the problem of using hot water supply V. Chemeritsky emphasized:

^{Sushitsky T.} 19 zapadno-russkie letopisi kak pamyatniki literatury: chast ' II [West-Russian chronicles as monuments of literature: part II]. 393.

²⁰ ibid., pp. 172, 394-395, 398.

²¹ ibid. - C. 398.

²² ibid., pp. 368-376.

²³ ibid., p. 388.

²⁴ ibid., p. 390.

²⁵ Ibid., p. 399.

²⁶ ibid., p. 404.

^{Чамярыцкі В.} 27 Беларускія летапісы як помнікі літаратуры: узнікненне і літаратурная гісторыя першых зводаy. Minsk, 1969, pp. 146, 153.

²⁸ ibid., p. 153.

²⁹ ibid., p. 154.

"The author of this work (2nd codex-K. K.) made extensive use of the Galician-Volhynian chronicle. However, he used it not as a detailed source, but as an auxiliary material for constructing his own history of Lithuania. This fact gives grounds to conclude that the author of the Chronicle did not intend to create a true history of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the early period, based on solid historical materials. " ³⁰

V. Chemeritsky stopped at this conclusion. You can agree with it, but it seems promising to develop something of it. A detailed review of the use of the GDL text in modeling the legendary history of the GDL will not only clarify the situation with the existence of a list of the Galician-Volhynian chronicle in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, but also clarify the methods of work of the compilers and editors of the LCH.

"Russkaya Kroynika" of the legendary part of the 2nd Set of Chronicles Incl.

In the end, the compiler (s)itselfHe made no secret of the fact that he used the text of the Russkaya Kreunika, directly referring to it (see below) ^.31 Almost all researchers paid attention to this. However, the question is, what is the place of this link in the text of the legendary part? After all, medieval historiography is characterized by calls for authority, often without the presence of a real text mentioned by the author. ³² to understand the specifics of the reference to the "Russian Chronicle", which is made by the compiler of the legendary part, you should consider all the references available in the text of the 2nd set. This will confuse the system of references used by the author, and then the place of reference to the "Russian Textbook".

So, in the legendary part of the 2nd set of chronicles of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, there are four direct references to their sources, which can be divided into three types. The first two are of the same type, the next two have a completely different scheme and verbal expression. The difference between 1-2 and 3-4 references is that the former have a clear reference to the source directly located in the collection, where the protograph was ("what is written in vyshei", "what is described in vyshei"). This means that the legendary part was (at least initially) part of some large text. This can be assumed by analyzing the links below. The first two have the same design, so we'll look at them together.

Link N 1-2

The first reference to a certain text, which should be placed before the LF, occurs at the very beginning of the legendary part, after specifying the first date^.:

³⁰ ibid., p. 146.

³¹ PSRL. - Vol. 35. - Moscow, 1980. - P. 93, 132, 150, 178, 198, 219.

^{Genet B.} 32 Istoriya i istoricheskaya kul'tura srednevekovogo Zapada [History and Historical Culture of the Medieval West]. Moscow, 2002, pp. 133-135.

³³ "Stal'osya eats the incarnation of the son of God from the Holy Spirit z blessed virgin pure Mary from pochaku sotvorenya svta lta pyattisechnogo pyatsotnogo dvadtsati shostogo" (div.: PSRL. - Vol. 35. -

"One ³⁴ o'clock the Rymsk panstvo was under the tsesar Augustus who did not really do one Rym ino and all svtu panoval as well as vyshei written (here I dali pidkreslennya y kursivi moi-K. K.) izh o'clock the tsesarstvo of August the son of God was incarnated and the hour of Tyvir I tsesar the second in August on the cross agitated flour prynyal for zbavenya and otkupenya rod ³⁵ chol chesky " ³⁶.

The second reference is to the "Russian Kroynika" when describing Troyden:

"And being to him there on that princedom, velikii valki repaired z lyakhi and z Rus' and z mazov'shany, and zavjd ziskival, and over the lands of their silnye okrutenstva repaired,shto zh vyshei³⁷ described in russkoi kroinitsa izh gorshi was ty lands, nizhli Antioch sirskii and Herod yerusalimskii, and Nero romanskii, shto so was okrutny and valechny " ³⁸.

Moreover, the list of Krasinsky (K), which is believed to contain the very first version of the legendary part, ends with this phrase ³⁹.

Confirmation of the fact that both references were made to a real text located in front of the protograph of the legendary part can be found in similar works of that period and in the text of the memo itself. For example, the compiler of the Chronograph of 1512 draws up its references to the previous text in a similar way. ⁴⁰:

"(O Ugr х x.) Vidше vshe same Latin iznemozhenie Grechskoe, who came from Rome, oudobno glagolemie Ougri to svoei charms pribliisha, takozhe and blizhnyaa their languages and Oun and Pids and N мmci and Glade and iny prilegayushchaa to Rome pribliisha to its charms, and Vretaniysky island, if yzdavna baptised, but not in the same way, and the same way, and the same way, and the same way, and the same way, and the same way, and the same way, and the same way, and the same way, and the same way, and the same way, and the same way, and the same way, and the same way, and the same way, and the same way, and the same way, and the same way, and the same way, and the same way, and the same way, and the same way, and the same way, and the same way, and the same way, and the same way, and the same way, and and you will attach him to your deception, as it is written before " 41^.

"Napredy" (on ark. 124, that is, for 65 ark. from this link) reads the text "about the Vooretania and the Almanite princes" ⁴², which explains why the British island "attached itself" to Rome.

In the most legendary part, we can see similar references to the previous text:

Pp. 145 (P), 128 (K), 173 (O), 193 (Rum.)). Cit. за Р. За Є - інша дата: "The incarnation of the son of God by the Holy Spirit, of the most blessed virgin Mary, from the beginning of the third world, one thousand nine hundred and sixty, and the reign of Rome, 769, from the birth of our Lord Jesus Christ, six decades" (div.: PSRL. - Vol. 35. - p. 215).

³⁴ Of It (K).

³⁵ giving birth (K).

³⁶ PSRL. - Vol. 35. - P. 145 (R), 128 (K), 173 (O), 193 (Rum.), 215 (E). Quoted by R.

³⁷ "lower" (P).

³⁸ PSRL. - Vol. 35. - P. 132.

³⁹ ibid.

⁴⁰ O. V. Tvorogov noticed the creative processing of his own sources by the compiler of the Chronograph of 1512, which, in addition to the time of creation, also unites these monuments (see: Tvorogov O. V. Old Russian Chronographs. Leningrad, 1976, p. 180).

⁴¹ Russian Chronograph (Complete collection of Russian chronicles. Vol. XXII.), Moscow, 2005, p. 368.

⁴² ibid., p. 327.

"And in tyche chaseh panuyuchy Troidenyu, obadva brothers died to him, Prince Golsha and Prince Kgedrus. And in this above-written vazni, Prince Velikii Dovmont sent six muzhiks to his brother Troidenya zabiti, because he was going to baspechne soblazni in Novgorodka, and some muzhiks did not score him " ⁴³.

Given the above, we can assume that there are at least two monuments before the LF text: a certain chronographic text and a Russian chronicle of the Ipatievskaya type. The latter assumption is indirectly confirmed by the discrepancy between Rachinsky's list (P) and the others. In general, R has its own editing of the legendary part, he ruled on several lists containing both editions of LCH ⁴⁴. the copyist of Rachinsky's list worked very carefully with the texts available to him, checking them with each other, so the reference to Troyden's characterization in Russkaya kreunitsa was given the reading "lower". This indicates exactly the thoroughness of the scribe, who did not notice anything like this ahead, and decided that this text will go further.

The actual existence of the Russkaya Kreunika (rather than references to the authority of an old text) can be found in the lists of the editorial board of 1548 (there are also lists of P)⁴⁵. There are similar references to the actual Polish chronicle. As proved by M. Yuchas, the so-called edition of 1548 (the lists are and R) was supplemented by the chronicle of M. Belsky ⁴⁶. moreover, if B is on the last sheet contains a postscript: "Polskaya kronika writes: the family of the Alkgyrds consists of 12 sons: as gai lo, Skrigailo, Bystrogailo, Boris, Kuribut, Vikgunt, Korikgal, Norimont, Lankgvin, Lubord, Andrei, Butav "⁴⁷, then r gives the following references:" as in the Polish Kreuniki pishet " (1508 - About Glinsky), "about which they write kroinikare"(1512 - about Barbara Radziwill) - on the chronicle of M. Belsky ⁴⁸.

Thus, the reference to the Russkaya Kreunika, together with the description of Troyden, in addition to the fact that it contains a direct indication of its own source - GVL (and this means the presence in Vilna at the beginning of the XVI century of some list of it), also provides a lot of material for analysis. Knowing the source text and the modeled text, you can make several observations.

It is difficult to agree with the scheme proposed by T. Sushitsky, that between the text of the GVL about Troiden and the text of the LCH about him, there is a characteristic of Andrei Polotsky in the 1st set of chronicles of the INCL:

"We have a consistent literary history of the text under consideration about the Troydenov atrocities: 1) according to its original source, which contained the vocation to the historical "lawless", there was a text of the GDL; 2) it was used by the spiritual author of part of the text of the short edition of the Lithuanian chronicle, significantly expanding it with his own pious reflection, applying all this to Polotsk

⁴³ PSRL. - Vol. 35. - pp. 150, 94, 179, 199.

⁴⁴ For example: "And Montvil reigned many years in Jomoiti, and had two sons, one Nemonos, and the other Skirmont. And in inshyh tyh zhe is called: Vikenta and Yerdvila" (div.: PSRL. - Vol. 35. - P. 146).

⁴⁵ according to the classification of M. Yuchas.

^{Jučas M.} 46 Lietuvos metraščiai ir kronikos. - Vilnius, 2002. - P. 77-78; Idem. Lietuvos metraščiai. - Vilnius, 1968. - p. 80-82.

⁴⁷ Evreinov chronicle / / PSRL. - Vol. 35. - p. 238.

^{Jučas M.} 48 Lietuvos metraščiai ir kronikos. - Р. 83-85.

Prince Andrew; 3) the last text was also used by the compiler of the second (complex) edition of our chronicle, having given up spiritual reflections, as a secular person, and again applying this text to the cruel Troyden, an eyewitness, under the influence of G [alitsko] - in[Olinsky] text " ⁴⁹.

That is, the reference to the Russkaya Kroynika, according to T. Sushitsky, is a reference to the message of the 1st code, which, as an integral part, was included in the 2nd. This is contradicted by several facts ⁵⁰. Of course, we can agree that at the time of writing the legendary part, the comparison of "lawless" rulers with the biblical lawless ones has become almost a formula. But the situation with the Troyden characterization is quite different. A simple comparison of texts proves that the textual characterization of Troyden in the legendary part coincides with the characterization of the same prince in the GVL. Thus, the characterization of Andrei Polotsky could by no means be a model and a source of reference for the author of the legendary part.

As we can see, there is a coincidence only in the comparison of Andrew of Polotsk and Troyden with Antioch, and the dependence of the given text of the legendary part on the Galician-Volhynian chronicle is indisputable. However, when comparing the two characteristics of Troiden in different texts (in GVL and LCH), we see certain discrepancies. "Lithuania" of the GDL in the LCH is replaced by "the principality of Yatvyaz and Dainava", the characteristic "bezakonnik" is replaced by a completely secular "okrutny", borrowed, as K. Gudmantas rightly believes, from the Polish translation of" Alexandria " in 151051 (the same characteristic in the legendary part is Nero 52, with which, in fact, and being compared

^{Sushitsky T.} 49 zapadno-russkiye letopisi kak pamyatniki literatury [Western Russian chronicles as monuments of literature], p. 395.

⁵⁰ Moreover, T. Sushitsky inconsistently points to the source of this characteristic, which he cites (see: Sushitsky T. Western Russian chronicles as monuments of literature, p. 172 (note 1)).

^{Gudmantas K.} 51 Apie kai kurias 1510 m. Aleksandrijos ir legendinės Lietuvos metraščių dalies sąsajas // Archivum Lithuanicum. - 2003. - 5. - P. 221.

⁵² "which is why Nero was a pan around and not represented" (div.: PSRL. - Vol. 35. - p. 145).

Troyden). It is also impossible not to notice that the LCH, although it uses GVL, but completely separates "Rus" from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, along with" Lyakhs "and"Mazovshans". And since the GVL is designated as a "Russian Chronicle", it is obvious that the text of the chronicle itself was perceived as a separate ("non-Lithuanian") tradition. The separation of " Rus " can also be explained through the relationship of the customer of the legendary part. It is believed that he was Olbracht Gasthold, who was in extremely strained relations with Konstantin Ostrogsky and even warned Queen Bona about the unreliability of Russian princes.⁵³

Troyden^'s characteristic in the legendary part is "decomposed" into seven fragments.:

[1] "And he will be there on the knezheni Doinovskim and Yatvyazhskim" (in the village of Raigorod-K. K.), [2] " great valki chynil z lyakhi and [3] z Rus, and [4] z mazovshany, [5] and zavrzhd ziskival, [6] and over their lands strong environs chynil, [7] shto niji opisuet russkoi kroinice, izh gorshii was tym lands and okrutneishi on them, nijli Antioch sirskii and Herod Jerusalem, and Neron rymskii, shto so was okrutnyi and valechny."

When comparing these fragments with the text of the GVL, which describes the activities of Troyden, we see a summary of those of his actions, as a result of which, according to the author of the LCH, the prince could receive a similar description from Russian scribes. Let's try to find "matches" for these actions in the hot water supply system.

[1] And he'll have fun there on the knezheni

For analysis, this fragment can be expanded to include the previous text.:

"And the great prince Narymont was born, because the princes of Yatvez were dead, and their people were loitering without a hospodar. And the prince of Narymont came upon them, and they did not resist, but yielded and worshiped him, and so he remained their lord and took them, and gave his brother Troiidenyu for vd. And the prince of great Troiidenyu to see the red mountain above the river Bebreu, and vouchsafed him there velmi, and cut down the city, and called it Raigorod, and be called the Prince of Yatvez and Doinovsky " ⁵⁵.

This text contains several borrowings from GVL, and from different places. First, we are talking about the Yatvyaz princes and their "extinction". In articles under 6756/1248, 6759/1251, 6763/1255, 6764/1256, 6765/1257, etc. (According To Ipat.) it contains news about the devastation of the lands and the extermination of the Yatvyaz princes. Carefully reading the text of the GVL, you can imagine a picture of desolation. So, for example, under

⁵³ Albertus Gastold, Palatinus Vilnensis, Bone Sphortie, Regina Polonie. Contra ducem Constantinum de Ostrogk et contra Radvillones, 02.06.1525 // Acta Tomiciana. - T.VII: Epistolarum, legationum, responsorum, actionum, et rerum gestarum Serenissimi Principis Sigismundi I (A.D. 1524-1525) / Per St.Gorski. - Posnaniae, 1876. - Р. 258-269.

⁵⁴ is served according to the P list, in other lists it looks similar, except for the location ("higher") of the "Russian Kreunika".

⁵⁵ PSRL. - Vol. 35. - pp. 150, 132, 178, 198, 219

6756/1248 р. при описі нападу ятвяґів на Дорогичинську землю та битву з військом Василька йдеться: "And those who could not stand it on behalf of Vasilkov helped God to escape the evil poganii (yatvi-K. K.) and to be on n сsчаcha luta and gnasha e for a lot of fields and to be killed by the prince 40 and many others were beaten by him and not by voistayasha." The article ends with the words "and in other times, by the grace of God, they were beaten by the poganii (toby yatvi - K. K.) who did not want to write from the multitude for the sake of"⁵⁶.

Another description of the victorious campaign of the Russian princes on yatvyagov is textually very close to the LCH, the city of Rai is also mentioned here, which could be correlated with Raigrud (Raigorod)⁵⁷.

Moreover, the end of the GVL narrative served as a source for the Formula describing the nature of the place where new cities were founded in the LCH. We are talking about the campaign to the "Yatvyazskaya land" of Daniel, Lev and Zemovit Mazowiecki, filed under 6762/1254.:

"Here (now "lyakhs" pochali "nice filthy" - K. K.) uvdav Danilo the king ordered to fight the land of Yatvyaz, and the house of the Stkintovs was destroyed by everything that still stands empty. Danilo and the queen went to him on the Jezer, and saw by the birch the red mountain and the city that was on it prezhe namem Paradise. From there you will come to your own house. " ⁵⁸

Compare with the text of the legendary part: "and the prince of great Troy came to see Mount Krasnaya over the river Bebreyu, and he liked it very much, and cut down the city, and call it Raigorod" ⁵⁹. it is impossible not to notice the use of GVL, although the compiler of the LCH (as in other similar cases) changes the direction of the message, writing about the foundation of Raigorod, but in GVL we are talking about its destruction.

In Raigorod, one could see the Raigrud, which Ya. Banashkevich wrote about, that is, the sacred center, the capital where newly arrived citizens settle. The formula for the foundation of cities coincides with the one proposed by the researcher: a beautiful area, a mountain with forests rich in game, on the river bank. The author of the legendary part is also

⁵⁶ ibid. - Vol. 2. - Stb. 799-800.

⁵⁷ according to the GVL, Ray-yatvyaz city, which was captured by Daniil Galitsky (Ipat. 6763/1255) (see: PSRL. - Vol. 2. - Stb. 828). Raigrud-now in Poland, near Augustow and Suwalki, to the north of the River Bebzy, stands on the shore of a lake. Some scholars believe that these territories in the XIII century belonged to the Yatvyags (Dini P. U. Baltic languages. Moscow, 2002, pp. 234-236). It should be noted that the territories mentioned here (Raigrud and its environs) were a kind of" hot spot " in relations between Olbracht Gaston and the Radziwills. Since 1509, after the flight of Mikhail Glinsky, the Raigrod (which had belonged to the Glinsky princes since the beginning of the XVI century) passed to the Radziwills. In 1529, a dispute between the Gonendzko-Raigrodsky nobility and the Radziwills for noble rights began. Sigismund the old man decided in favor of the szlachta, independent of the Radziwills, provided that the letters of Vytautas and Alexander were provided. In the 1520s, a real war broke out between the estates of Gonendz (owned by the Radziwills) and Tikochin (owned by Gashtold). The conflict lasted until the 1530s. Given that Olbracht Gasztold is considered the customer of the legendary part, it is significant that the" land of Jatviaz and Dainava " is attributed to Troyden, a prince from the ancient dynasty (and not to the untitled Radziwills) (see: Błaszczyk G. Litwa na przełomie średniowiecza i nowożytności 1492-1596. - Poznań, 2002. - S. 87; Wiśniewski J. Dzieje osadnictwa w powiecie augustowskim od XV do końca XVIII w. // Studia i mate riały do dziejów Pojezierza Augustowskiego. - Białystok, 1967. - S. 97-100; Słownik Geografczny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich. - Warszawa, 1880. - Vol. 9. - S. 495-496; Maroszek J. Jaświły: dzieje obszaru gminy do końca XVIII wieku. - Białystok, 2004. - S. 15-16).

⁵⁸ PSRL. - Vol. 2. - Stb. 828.

⁵⁹ ibid. - Vol. 35. - p. 132. this description is not unique, this is how the foundation of Novogrudok, Golshan, Trok and Vilna is described.

^{Banaszkiewicz J.} 60 Polskie dzieje bajeczne mistrza Wincentego Kadłubka. - Wroclaw, 2002. - S. 346-347.

I'm not so much interested in the capital as in the land around it. However, there are several capitals in the LCH, and the city foundation formula applies to five objects: Novogrudok, Golshany, Troki, Vilna, and Raigorod. Thus, the latter was obviously perceived as a real city (although, perhaps, with a certain idea of the sacredness of the Land around it).

The use of a fragment of the GDL with a reference to Paradise-linking both cities with yatvyagami, also speaks about the reality of the described city. In addition, as already indicated (see note. 57), Raigorod and its environs were an important factor in the relations between Gashtold and the Radziwills. A fierce conflict over these lands continued throughout the 1520s (that is, during the time when the legendary part was created).⁶¹ and, perhaps, this is why this formula with GVL was used in the description, and the city of Raigorod itself is mentioned along with Novogrudok, Golshany Troki and Vilna. It is also interesting that Tikotsin is one of the variants of the place where the Olbracht Gasthold library was kept.⁶²

The compiler of the legendary part used information about the constant victories over the Yatvyags, the death of their princes (whom he mentions in the plural) and gives the episode of the reign of Troiden a peaceful character, reducing information about the Yatvyags from the Galician-Volyn chronicle to the news that he needed. The last mention of the Yatviags in the GVL is associated with Troyden ⁶³, in addition (see the next fragment), the Yatviags allegedly conducted active actions together with this prince:

Hence, the author of the legendary part gets "Yatvyazsky and Dainovsky Prince Troyden".

[2] great valki chynil z lyakhi i

This text appeared from the text of the GVL already quoted in the previous paragraph ("Troidens are still knzhazh in the Lithuanian land. and the ambassador's army is great on L х хıı " ⁶⁵). It is in this place that one of the four original dates of the Galician-Volhynian Chronicle ⁶⁶ occurs. This is important to note, given that here we see a direct textual influence of the GVL on the legendary part (this is shown in italics in the citations). Upon further consideration of the question of which text of the GVL was in the hands of the compilers of the LCH, this remark will become one of the arguments to prove that it was some kind of list with undated dates (such as Khlebnikovsky).

From the GVL report about Troyden's campaign to Lublin ("on lyakhi") the compiler of the LCH issues a brother of Troiden - Sirputya, but if we take into account that the ancestor of

⁶¹ For the course of the conflict, see: Marozek J. Jaświły: dzieje obszaru gminy do końca XVIII wieku. - S. 15-16.

^{Gudmantas K.} 62 Alberto Goštauto biblioteka ir Lietuvos metraščiai // Knygotyra. - 2003. - T. 41. - P. 9.

⁶³ PSRL. - Vol. 2. - Stb. 878-879.

⁶⁴ ibid. - Stb. 878.

⁶⁵ ibid.

^{Tolochko A. P.} 66 Proiskhozhdenie khronologii Ipatievskogo lista Galitsko-Volynskoy letopisi [The origin of the chronology of the Ipatiev List of the Galician-Volyn Chronicle]. 13. - N 1. - Cambridge, Mass., 2005. - P. 87-88.

The families of ^the Ostiks and Radziwills were considered Sirputians, this fact is not at all surprising. As already mentioned, the relationship between Gashtold and the Radziwills was not friendly, ⁶⁸ which is why, as it seems, the latter do not exist in the LCH.

[3] with Rus, s

Rus in this link could have appeared from the name of the source of Troyden's characteristic-as already noted, the author defined it as "Russian kroynika". Thus, the description of the Lithuanian prince, which is given by a Russian source (especially in the light of the following explanation - fragment [7]), was perceived by the compiler of the legendary part as a characteristic of the enemy of Russia, which is partly true. In addition, we once again see the author's attempts to distance himself from Russia. As for direct reports of wars with Russia, the GVL describes the relations between Troyden and the Galician and Volhynian princes in detail69, and it is in this place that we meet another original date of GVL 70. There is no name " rus ", but there are "knzizy Rousts & #x463;s": Roman Bryansky, his son Oleg Romanovich, Gleb Smolensky, Lev, Mstislav and Vladimir.

[4] from Mazovshan,

When describing Troyden's rule, the GVL does not call the Mazovian princes" Mazovian". The internal struggle between Konrad and Zemovit, supported by the Russian rulers, is described in sufficient detail (6788-6790), but Troyden is not mentioned there. Instead, there is simply "Lithuania", which participated in the struggle on the side of Princes Vladimir and Leo against Boleslav (6790). But even before we talk about the struggle between the Zemovitovichs, the GVL mentions Mazovian princes ⁷¹. Thus, it is obvious to an attentive reader who knows the genealogy of Polish rulers (J. Dlugosz, M. Mechowski, Suprasl list of the 1st set of chronicles INCL ⁷²) that Konrad and Boleslav are Masovian princes. The reign is the same

^{Semkowicz W.} 67 O litewskich rodach bojarskich zbratanych ze szlachtą polską w Horodle roku 1413 // Lituano-Slavica Posnaniensia: Studia historica, III. - Poznań, 1989. - S. 63-67.

^{Błaszczyk G.} 68 Litwa na przełomie średniowiecza i nowożytności 1492-1596. - S. 74-75.

⁶⁹ (see: PSRL.  - Vol. 2. - Stb. 871-874).

^{Tolochko A. P.} 70 Origin of the chronology of the Ipatiev list of the Galician-Volyn Chronicle. - P. 87-88.

⁷¹ PSRL. - Vol. 2. - Stb. 787-788, 809-810, 831.

^{Ulashchik N. N.} 72 Vvedenie v izucheniyu belorussko-litovskogo letopisaniya [Introduction to the Study of the Belarusian-Lithuanian Chronicle], p. 45. in the collection containing the Suprasl list of the 1st Set of Chronicles of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, on ark. 125-126 - "Genealogie Mazovian princes".

Troyden just ends (according to the chronology of the GVL) in 6790/1282, oski lki in article 6778/1270 says that he reigned for 12 years ⁷³.

It is known that Troyden's daughter was the wife of Boleslaw Mazowiecki, played out in the story of Rimont-Lavrasch, but it seems without any connection to this fragment. In addition, the relative of Troyden with the Masovian princely house is built in reverse. In fact, Troyden's daughter became the wife of Boleslav Mazowiecki, and in the legendary part it is noted that Troyden married the daughter of a "Mazowiecki prince".

[5] and he searched three times,

We are not talking about the constant victories of Troyden in the GVL, this is one of the author's topos for the powerful ("valechny") ruler in the legendary part. Gediminas are also characterized in the same way:

"And the great Prince Kgidimin spent many years in the princes of Lithuania, Rus, and Zhomoit, and was just, and did many valkings, and sought out three times, and panoval fortunlive, or until his great old age." ⁷⁴

Thus, Troyden in the legendary part is presented to us as the owner of "between Nero and Gediminas", receiving a characteristic half similar to that of Nero, half - Gediminas. The very topos of the "valechna" ruler was borrowed from the Polish translation of "Alexandria" in 151075, which, according to K. Gudmantas, is not surprising, because Alexander the Great was the ideal of chivalry for the Middle Ages 76.

[6] and over the lands of their mighty environs chynil,

This item can be found at GVL in the description of the capture of Dorogichin by Troyden's army:

"So Troidenius, forgetting Lyubov Lvovi, sent gorodnyany, ordered to take Dorogichin. Eat (Trid-KK) in your city how powerfully you take it, go out in the night and take it on the greatest day, and beat everything from small to large. " ⁷⁷

[7] What is lower is described in russkoi kroinice, and there was a mountain to the lands and around them, and lower was Antioch of Sirsk, and Herod of Jerusalem, and Nero of rymsk, and so was around and around valechny.

Fragment [7] has direct textual matches with the GDL. The only difference is the author's distancing of the legendary part from "Lyakhs", "Rus" and"mazi", a change in the inner essence of the comparison ("secularization"), as well as the proportionality of the biblical heroes and Troyden.

⁷³ For the origin of this date in GVL, see: Dubonis A. Traidenis: Monarcho valdžios atkūrimas Lietuvoje (1268-1282). Vilnius, 2009. - p. 29.

⁷⁴ PSRL. - Vol. 35. - P. 153.

^{Gudmantas K.} 75 Apie kai kurias 1510 m. Aleksandrijos ir legendinės Lietuvos metraščių dalies sąsajas. - P. 221.

⁷⁶ Ibid.

⁷⁷ PSRL. - Vol. 2. - Stb. 871-872.

As can be seen from the analysis of this short episode, when creating the LCH, the compiler never once erred from the truth. The only thing that was done was to change the emphasis and select exactly the information from the GVL that would serve the purpose of concluding the legendary part. Attention to Troiden was most likely due to two dates that appeared in the undated text of the GDL and automatically attracted the reader's attention, as well as, quite possibly, a comparison with Nero, who was an important figure in the legendary part ⁷⁸. thus, the figure of Troiden connected two dynasties - Polemonov and Gediminovich (after all, Viten Gedimin's father was marshal of Troyden).

Link N 3

The third link (although, if you follow the text of the chronicle, it will be the second) is not at all similar to the previous ones, it already belongs to the editor of the legendary part. It is located at the end of the description of the reign of Ringolt (after whose death "here the family of the Roman prince Palemon finished") and concerns Voishelk:

"And others will tell you, rekuchi: and that Rinkgolt, having come from this battle to Novagorodok, and was ou ^Novygorodtsy and gave birth to three sons, and will stand by himself on the Grand Duchess of Novgorod Voishvilka, and will die himself. Eno dalei doesn't even write about that Voishvilke. So the end is " ⁸⁰.

This appendix is included in the lists containing the second edition of the legendary part: Rachinsky (R), Rumyantsevsky (Rum.), Archaeological Society (Arch.), Patriarchal passages (Patr.) and Olshevsky (O), and is not included in the lists of the first - Evreinovsky (E) and Krasinsky (k). That is, it appears in the second edition of ⁸¹. direct speech is used here, as it can be seen in many monuments of that time-literary ⁸² or assembly ⁸³ (not to mention the biblical texts,

⁷⁸ Polemon is called "blood" to King Nero, thus Troyden acquires "generic" characteristics. Troyden himself, according to the LCH genealogy, was a female blood Polemon, because he descended from the line of Gyrus, who was married to Poyata, the daughter of one of the sons of Kunos, the son of Polemon.

⁷⁹ ostensibly small uroditi (R).

⁸⁰ PSRL. - Vol. 35. - pp. 92, 149, 176, 197.

^{Jučas M.} 81 Lietuvos metraščiai ir kronikos. - Р. 65; Idem. Lietuvos metraštis // Rusų knygos spausdinimo pradžia ir Lietuva [Bibliotekininkystė ir bibliografja. T.III]. - Vilnius, 1966. - P. 108; Филюшкин А. И. К вопросу о редакциях белорусско-литовских летописей (в связи с развитием легенды о Палемоне) // Старонкі гісторыі Магілёва: Зборнік навуковых прац удзельнікаy навуковай канферэнцыі "Гісторыя Магілёва: мінулае і сучаснасць". - Magileu, 1998. - p. 42-44; Ulashchik N. N. Introduction to the study of the Belarusian-Lithuanian chronicle. - p. 132.

⁸² For example, in "Zadonshchini": "Timokhveyev's wife Nastasya so plakashesya early, and recucha:" My joy is already in the glorious city of Moscow, I don't see my sovereign Timokhvey in my stomach"" (div.: Monuments of the Kulikovsky cycle. - Saint Petersburg, 1998. - p. 99.) chi u "Slovo ezhe na latinu":  (div.: Popov A. N. Istoriko-literaturnyi obzor drevnerusskikh polemicheskikh sochineniy protiv latinyan (XI-XV vv.). Moscow, 1875, p. 381).

⁸³ For example, in the letter of the Polotsk governor Bogdan Andreevich to the Riga City Council concerning trade misunderstandings (November 26, 1480):

"This is what a philistine of the Polotsk region, Ortem Butskovich, gave us. How was Ryzeh with the goods, your nemchin Gunstop usyalat him kvaltom bezpravne half-dvanadtsaty kopy and grosei, and Ortem will tell him, sia no one is to blame, and Garman usyalat him tyi penyazi, rekuchi would blame him Pan Selyava."

(div.: Rizhskiye gramoty 60-70kh godov XV v. iz byvshego Rizhskogo gorodskogo arkhiva [Riga letters of the 60-70s of the XV century from the former Riga City Archive].

especially the Gospels, where direct speech is very common), but designed as already pre-recorded. However, can this direct language be considered a reflection of some oral source, which, in turn, was reflected in some written "retelling", which then became the source for the compiler of the legendary part ⁸⁴? Indeed, the text makes us think so, but is there any other explanation?

As can be seen from the LCH itself, the compiler knew the history of Voishelk and used it to create the legend of the foundation of the Lavrashovsky monastery, ⁸⁵ so it was not an abbreviated version of the GVL, as E. Okhmansky believed ⁸⁶. why the compiler replaced the name of Voishelk with Rimont-Lavrash-Vasily is a topic of a separate article, but here we will try to offer an explanation of just such an introduction Voishelka in the history of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania compiled the 2nd set of chronicles of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

As already mentioned in the historiography, the legendary part echoes the introduction of the "Tale of Bygone Years" ⁸⁷. N. Morozova writes about the "internal, semantic parallelism" of the tales of the PVL and LCH ⁸⁸ and gives two examples of "structural correlation": the description of the path "from the Varangians to the Greeks" correlates with the journey of Palemon to the Lithuanian lands and the narrative When the Varangian princes came to Russia, it correlates with the arrival of Roman princes in Lithuania ⁸⁹. One can expand these relations by using the legends about Kiya and his brothers and sister. It is also read in the Ipatiev Chronicle, from which we quote:

As you can see, this text has many analogies to the legendary part: the foundation of cities on the mountains ⁹¹, eponymic characters, the nature around the city ("lys and bor veliky") and the princes going there "to catch". In addition, there is a triple scheme, which was also used by the compilers of the Champions League. Also in the above fragment we find a similar formula for referring to an oral source. Which brings us back to Wojshelk's introduction to history: as we can see from the text, Ringolt comes to Novogrudok after the battle of Okunevka and "gave birth to three sons and will leave behind him on the Grand Duchess of Novgorod Voishvilka."

⁸⁴ Div.: Ulashchik N. N. Introduction to the study of the Belarusian-Lithuanian chronicle. - p. 132.

^{Goldfrank D.} 85 The Lithuanian Prince-Monk Vojšelk: A Study of Competing Legends // Harvard Ukrainian Studies. - Vol. XI. - N 1/2. - June 1987. - P. 44-76.

^{Ochmański J.} 86 Nad Kroniką Bychowca. - S. 163.

^{Morozova N.} 87 Voprosy yazyka i tekstologii letopisey Velikogo knyazhestva Litovskogo: Khronika Bykhovets [Issues of Language and textology of the Chronicles of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania: Chronicle of Bykhovets], pp. 54-55.

⁸⁸ ibid., p. 54.

⁸⁹ ibid., pp. 54-55.

⁹⁰ PSRL. - Vol. 2. - Stb. 7.

⁹¹ N. Morozova also pointed out a certain similarity between the bases of the cities" on the mountains " in the PVL and LCH (see: N. Morozova). The issues of language and textual history of the Great Duchy of Lithuania: bychowiec Chronicle. - P. 55).

The appearance of this link can be explained if we assume not one, but several editors who worked on the same editorial board. Then the best explanation for the occurrence of the insert may be the existence of some postscript to the end of the story about Ringolt. If it ended the first edition of the legendary part (as M. Ulashchik ⁹² believed), then such a postscript could well exist to explain to the next editor where to go next, or simply as a marginality that connected the LF with the GVL. The legendary Ringholt was a prince of Novogrudok, just like the historical Voiselk. Therefore, it would be logical to combine them in the further development of the legend. However, the compiler of the second edition simply rewrote this note (or marginalia), making it so and giving a certain bookishness to the plot.

The assumption about the presence of such a postscript can be confirmed by a similar (unique for the analyzed texts) insert, which appeared when comparing the lists available to the scribe of the list of Rachinsky ⁹³. he carefully managed several lists, which is reflected in the remark: "And Montville reigned many years in Jomoiti, and had two sons, one Nemonos, and the other Skirmont. A in inshykh tyh zhe names: Viktor and Erdvil " ⁹⁴. here we see references to the lists of one memo, which were used for reconciliation and reconciliation of the text by the copyist of the Rachinsky list. In other words, the texts are equivalent in content for the author. The postscript about Voishelk is similar-it indicates that the source of information is equivalent, or even doubtful, since the compiler could not accurately identify where the news comes from that after Ringolt's death, Voishelk became the Novogrudok prince. When the text of the source (GDL or chronographic memo) was available, as we can see, the author of the legendary part made references in a different style, even if he completely redid the text of the source.

Also, the text of the 3rd set of chronicles of the VKL-chronicles of Bykhovets can serve as an indirect proof of this hypothesis. As you know, the legendary part of it is supplemented with carefully rewritten fragments of the text of the Galician-Volyn chronicle. And the first such borrowing occurs just after the mention of Ringolt ⁹⁵. the compiler of the Bykhovets chronicle inserted a fragment of the text about Mindovga, but continued the insertion to Voishelk, which may confirm our hypothesis that there was a certain note connecting the LCH text with the GVL for editors.

Link N 4

The last, fourth, reference that can be attributed to the text of the legendary part is read when counting the children of Gediminas. The source of information about his sons is obvious-this is the "chronicler of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania" (LVKB), which as a separate part is included in the 1st set (as well as in list k). But the LVKB has no news about its daughter Anna, who was married to "Vladislav Kazmerov Loketka" ⁹⁶. In the text, when Anna's name is mentioned - " when it is written from God's narozhe-

^{Ulashchik N. N.} 92 Introduction to the study of the Belarusian-Lithuanian Chronicle , pp. 134, 143.

⁹³ The list was rewritten at the end of the XVI century, see: Kirichenko K. materials on the history of the Poznań Codex No. 94 (Raczynski Codex) / / Ruthenica. - Vol. 5. - K., 2006. - pp. 214-232.

⁹⁴ PSRL. - Vol. 35. - P. 146.

⁹⁵ ibid., p. 132.

⁹⁶ the report is false, Anna married Casimir III the Great in 1325 (see: Rowell S. C. Lithuania Ascending: A Pagan Empire Within East-Central Europe, 1295-1345. - New York, 1995. - P. 87).

nya tisecha trysta dvadtsatog year " ⁹⁷. this note is in all the lists, except e ta K (where there is no editing LVKL, respectively, there is no mention of Anna). It can be assumed that in the protograph of the legendary part there was a marginality or a date put down, which the next scribe added to the text with his remark.

We will consider specific borrowings in a separate article, and now we will try to summarize what has been said above. There is no doubt that the text of the GVL was before the eyes of the compilers of the legendary part. Looking ahead, we can point out that not only the first, but also the second edition of the LF depends on the text of the GVL. Taking into account the references present in the legendary part, there is a hypothesis that there is some chronographic text in front of it, as well as a chronicle of the Ipatievsky type (most likely undated, that is, the one presented in the Khlebnikov list).

In the Patriarchal passages, the text containing part of the 2nd Set of Chronicles of the INCL has a chapter numbering that begins with the fortieth , which indicates that the protograph of this list was contained in a larger text. If you compare the Patr headers. with the headings of the Olshevsky and Evreinovsky lists, which are closest to Pat., we will see that before the legend of Bulaklai there were 6 (For is) or 7 (For O) headings, that is, 6-7 chapters.

⁹⁷ PSRL. - Vol. 35. - pp. 153, 97, 181, 201.

⁹⁸ the actual text starts with this title. The previous text was not taken seriously (div.: Historical Collection, State Historical Museum (GIM). - Department of Manuscripts. - Synodal meeting. - N 790. - l. 83 vol.).

⁹⁹ ibid. - l. 93.

This means that before the legendary part in the protograph Patr. there was a text divided into 33 chapters. It is impossible to determine exactly what kind of text it was, but this proves that the inscription of the LCH in some other historical works was carried out.

It is difficult to say when exactly the legendary part was separated from the previous texts. But we can assume that soon after creating the LCH and editing it. Since no list with the original text has been preserved, it is also possible to assert the uniqueness of the protograph-a single list (or collection), which may have combined a chronographic landmark, the text of a chronicle such as the Khlebnikov list of the Ipatiev Codex, and the legendary part of the 2nd codex of the annals INCL. it fulfilled its function and became unnecessary both in full and because the list was taken out of the center of the chronicle. In other words, it has become physically inaccessible. Due to the fact that fragments from the GVL were included in the text of the Bykhovets chronicle (from the words "Y w to ż leto izhna mindowh synowca swojeho Tewtiwiła i Erdiwidu" to the episode about the murder of Wojszelka ¹⁰¹), we can assume that the list migrated to Slutsk, where the Bykhovets Chronicle ¹⁰² was created. This hypothesis is also confirmed by the fact that the fragments of the GVL text transferred to the Bykhovets chronicle resemble the Khlebnikovsky-type list. First, we can cautiously assume that the list that was in the hands of the compiler of the Bykhovets chronicle also did not contain a date: the history of Voishelk, which in the Ipatiev list is divided by the date (6772), in the Khlebnikovsky list does not even contain the traditional time designations ("at the same time", "later"). Second, the text itself, when compared, often gives readings close to those of Khlebnikov's list, rather than Ipatiev's. For an exception, here is a short snippet:

¹⁰⁰ overall, the mentioned build is extremely interesting and requires very careful research. For a description of the manuscript, see: PSRL. - Vol. 17. - pp. V-VII; Vaitovich N. T. Barkulabauski letapis. - Minsk, 1977. - pp. 60-70.

¹⁰¹ Chronicles of Bykhovets / / PSRL. - Vol. 32. - Moscow, 1975. - pp. 132-134.

^{Morozova N.} 102 K voprosu o vremya sozdaniya Khroniki Bykhovets [On the question of the time of creation of the Bykhovets Chronicle]. Kalbotyra, 49 (2), Vilnius, 2000, pp. 137-140.

Note: 1. Quoted from the Ipatiev list, in parentheses (highlighted in bold) are the readings of the Khlebnikov list that coincide with the version of the Bykhovets chronicle.

A certain list of the Galician-Volhynian chronicle was in the library of Olbracht Gasthold (its description, created in 1510, is contained in the 223rd book of Lithuanian Metrics, here we see the "Book of the Chronicler of Kiev") ¹⁰³. K. Yablonskis believed that this was the Radziwill Chronicle ¹⁰⁴, but p. Yasas suggested that it was a list of codes similar to Ipatiev's ¹⁰⁵. K. Gudmantas also agrees with this opinion ¹⁰⁶. The list may have come to the library of Olbracht Gasthold from his father Martin, the Kiev voivode in 1471-1481. ¹⁰⁷

Therefore, we can say with a high degree of probability that there is a list of the Galician-Volyn chronicle before the text of the protograph of the legendary part of the 2nd set of chronicles Incl. borrowings from the GDL were made from different (and very scattered throughout the text) places, so there was not a single separate (special) short version of the GDL. All disagreements with the source (that is, with the GDL) should be explained only by the will of the compilers of the first and second editions of the LCH.

It should be noted that the text of the GDL was used to model its own history in the 2nd set of chronicles of the GDL in two stages. Initially, in the first edition of the legends (lists K and E), the names borrowed from the GVL were "diluted" genealogy, built mainly on eponymic models. Later, when editing, some" unreliable " names were replaced with more appropriate ones, according to the editor (for example, Nemonos and Skirmont were replaced by Erdivil and Viktor).

The dependence of both the first and second editions of the LCH on the text of the LCH and the obvious familiarity of the compiler of the second edition of the legendary part with the principle of work of the predecessor with the text of the LCH leads to the conclusion about a fairly short time elapsed between editions, as well as about the hypothetical possibility of combining the handwritten tradition of the LCH and the LCH. Thus, the protograph of the legendary part of the 2nd set of chronicles of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was inscribed in the world history much "stronger" than it can be judged from the texts of the preserved lists.

Article covers the question of using the Halych-Volynian Chronicle and its data while creating its own historical work in Lithuania in the early XVIth. Attention is paid to the borrowing methods and the question of the attitude of compilers (editors) of the legendary part of the 2nd set of all chronicles to the sources.

^{J ablonskis K.} 103 1510 m. Albrechto Goštauto biblioteka // Mokslinės bibliotekos Metraštis: 1958-1959. - Vilnius, 1961. - P. 21-25; Gudmantas K. Alberto Goštauto biblioteka ir Lietuvos metraščiai // Knygotyra. - 2003. - T. 41. - P. 1-16.

^{Jablonskis K.} 104 1510 m. Albrechto Goštauto biblioteka. - P. 24.

^{Jasas R.} 105 Bychovco kronika ir jos kilmė // Lietuvos metraštis: Bychovco kronika. - Vilnius, 1971. - P. 34.

^{Gudmantas K.} 106 Alberto Goštauto biblioteka ir Lietuvos metraščiai. - P. 5.

^{Jasas R.} 107 Bychovco kronika ir jos kilmė. - P. 34.