ПСИХОЛОГИЯ (последнее)
On a problem of moral consciousness in the last century culture
Актуальные публикации по вопросам современной психологии.
РЕЗЮМЕ НА АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ
On a problem of moral consciousness in the last century culture
B. S. Bratus
The phenomenon of a "Soviet person" is of the most significant and mysterious nature for the 20th century. Its appraisal from the psychological standpoint, on the basis of the author's own original conception of levels in personality structure is presented for the first time. Of special interest is comparative analysis, based on this conception, of Soviet mentality and the types of moral consciousness inherent to Russian (pre-Revolutionary) and West European cultures.
Child's psychic development and environment
G. A. Kovalev
Some principles of systematic-ecological, synergetic approach in analysis of psychic and personal development of human being are described. Individual development and education are connected to environmental (physical, socio-cultural, interpersonal) mastering. Environment is considered as an unified socio-ecological system, open or closed, which has corresponding consequences for personal development.
Educational space as a space of development ("school of maturing")
I. D. Frumin, B. D. Elkonin
Constructing principle of educational space is polarization оf child—adult life, and its poles are age-specific space and non-age-specific one. Age-specific space must be organized as a "school of maturing". Stages of learning in such a school must comprise the development of subjectness—self-reliance and responsibility. The changes of subjectness must be attained as a result of organizational changes in learning activity. Different forms of learning activity are conceived as age-specific strata, and school buildings and schoolrooms—as age-specific symbols. Non-age-specific space doesn't include any marked age-specific differences and norms. The structure of one age-specific stage mirrors the structure of educational space as a whole. The latter too must be based on the notions of eventfulness and mediation, achieved by means of polarization in the forms of studies with children.
Psychological mechanisms of intellectual giftedness
M. A. Holodnaya
The priority of intellectual giftedness studies is substantiated and the main obstacles for the investigation of this psychological phenomenon are shown. The characteristics of composition and structure of individual cognitive experience are considered to be psychological carriers of intellectual giftendness manifestations. Psychological model using four levels of cognitive mechanisms of intellectual giftedness is presented. It consists of intellectual structures, intellectual abilities, intellectual control, and intellectual criteria.
Radiation image in drawings of schoolchildren residing on polluted territories
T. I. Puhova
Individual features of radiation image perception by schoolchildren residing on polluted territories were experimentally studied by means of their drawings analysis. General characteristics are described and the drawings are grouped in five categories.
Psychic development of junior schoolchildren correction on the early stages of education
T. Yu. Andrushchenko, N. V. Karabekova
Play correction of psychic development of a child in transition from preschool age to early stages of education is described. It is based on the principle of complementarity of activity (play for a preschooler and learning activity for a schoolchild). The possibilities of correction plays, stages of their organization, some results of correction are shown.
127
Shaping of positive public image of the new Russian entrepreneurs
M. I. Meliya, M. V. Rozin
The possibilities of purposeful formation of business and businessmen positive public image by means of modern psychology are discussed. Specific conditions of contemporary Russia are considered. The author employs data obtained in studies and practice of Russian-American Psychological Centre RHR International/Ecopsy.
Under-age victims of sexual violence personality analysis
V. L Vasiliev, I. I. Mamaichuk
Psychological characteristics of 10-15-years-old victims of sexual crimes are studied by the results of 32 cases of legal psychological expertise. The analysis is based on the battery of methods. Some experimental data are presented.
A dread of computer—its nature, prevention, overcoming
O. V. Doronina
A dread of computer is one of negative sides of mass computerization. 9 types of it depending on subjective marking out of situative component in person-computer interaction and previous anxiety experience are differentiated. These types have different origins and connections to the beginner stage of computer education. The analysis of dread of computer overcoming enables to produce automated prevention course including diagnostics and individual training of psychological skills necessary for computer-mediated activity.
The hypothesis of somatic-psychic dissonance: Neurosological, narcological and psychotherapeutic aspects
A. I. Paley
The hypothesis of somatic-psychic dissonance presents an attempt to develop S. Schachter's theory of emotions and to apply it to the mechanisms of stable personal changes studied by neurosology, narcology and psychotherapy. The author underlines the importance of psychological aspects in pharmakologic therapy of neuroses and analyses some features and sets of alcoholics. There is a possibility to use the hypothesis in the investigation of masked unspecific factors common for different psychotherapeutic methods.
"Inner picture of health"— is it a term or a conception?
V. E. Kagan
The author of a notion of "inner picture of health" (1986) discusses the latter not as a term, but as a conception which allows to present some new for the medicine problems— first of all the problem of health culture. The author considers the notion of "inner picture of health" not to be an antonym for "inner picture of illness" one, coined by A. R. Luria in 1929.
To the memory of Teacher
V. P. Zinchenko
Well-known Russian psychologist V. P. Zinchenko describes his scholarship under P. Ya. Galperin—one of the founders of modern Russian psychology.
Theory of planned formation of intellectual actions today
N. F. Talyzina
Contemporary situation in the development of planned formation of intellectual actions theory is reviewed. Some important results of the studies are outlined.
Speeches and addresses on Psychological Institute opening
Continued from N 5-6, 1992.
Anxiety index increase as a result of self-evaluation and aspiration divergence
L. V. Borozdina, E. A. Zaiuchenova
The relationship of self-evaluation and level of aspiration to anxiety index was studied. Dembo— Rubinstein, Hoppe—Jucknat and Taylor (MAS) techniques were administered to 80 subjects of 21-35 years of age. High anxiety index is acknowledged to be connected to low self-evaluation. More complex relationship has been found. Low and medium anxiety scores were registered for converging self-evaluation and aspiration levels, when aspirations were higher or lower than self-evaluation. This phenomenon is analyzed in detail.
On a problem of moral consciousness in the last century culture
B. S. Bratus
The phenomenon of a "Soviet person" is of the most significant and mysterious nature for the 20th century. Its appraisal from the psychological standpoint, on the basis of the author's own original conception of levels in personality structure is presented for the first time. Of special interest is comparative analysis, based on this conception, of Soviet mentality and the types of moral consciousness inherent to Russian (pre-Revolutionary) and West European cultures.
Child's psychic development and environment
G. A. Kovalev
Some principles of systematic-ecological, synergetic approach in analysis of psychic and personal development of human being are described. Individual development and education are connected to environmental (physical, socio-cultural, interpersonal) mastering. Environment is considered as an unified socio-ecological system, open or closed, which has corresponding consequences for personal development.
Educational space as a space of development ("school of maturing")
I. D. Frumin, B. D. Elkonin
Constructing principle of educational space is polarization оf child—adult life, and its poles are age-specific space and non-age-specific one. Age-specific space must be organized as a "school of maturing". Stages of learning in such a school must comprise the development of subjectness—self-reliance and responsibility. The changes of subjectness must be attained as a result of organizational changes in learning activity. Different forms of learning activity are conceived as age-specific strata, and school buildings and schoolrooms—as age-specific symbols. Non-age-specific space doesn't include any marked age-specific differences and norms. The structure of one age-specific stage mirrors the structure of educational space as a whole. The latter too must be based on the notions of eventfulness and mediation, achieved by means of polarization in the forms of studies with children.
Psychological mechanisms of intellectual giftedness
M. A. Holodnaya
The priority of intellectual giftedness studies is substantiated and the main obstacles for the investigation of this psychological phenomenon are shown. The characteristics of composition and structure of individual cognitive experience are considered to be psychological carriers of intellectual giftendness manifestations. Psychological model using four levels of cognitive mechanisms of intellectual giftedness is presented. It consists of intellectual structures, intellectual abilities, intellectual control, and intellectual criteria.
Radiation image in drawings of schoolchildren residing on polluted territories
T. I. Puhova
Individual features of radiation image perception by schoolchildren residing on polluted territories were experimentally studied by means of their drawings analysis. General characteristics are described and the drawings are grouped in five categories.
Psychic development of junior schoolchildren correction on the early stages of education
T. Yu. Andrushchenko, N. V. Karabekova
Play correction of psychic development of a child in transition from preschool age to early stages of education is described. It is based on the principle of complementarity of activity (play for a preschooler and learning activity for a schoolchild). The possibilities of correction plays, stages of their organization, some results of correction are shown.
127
Shaping of positive public image of the new Russian entrepreneurs
M. I. Meliya, M. V. Rozin
The possibilities of purposeful formation of business and businessmen positive public image by means of modern psychology are discussed. Specific conditions of contemporary Russia are considered. The author employs data obtained in studies and practice of Russian-American Psychological Centre RHR International/Ecopsy.
Under-age victims of sexual violence personality analysis
V. L Vasiliev, I. I. Mamaichuk
Psychological characteristics of 10-15-years-old victims of sexual crimes are studied by the results of 32 cases of legal psychological expertise. The analysis is based on the battery of methods. Some experimental data are presented.
A dread of computer—its nature, prevention, overcoming
O. V. Doronina
A dread of computer is one of negative sides of mass computerization. 9 types of it depending on subjective marking out of situative component in person-computer interaction and previous anxiety experience are differentiated. These types have different origins and connections to the beginner stage of computer education. The analysis of dread of computer overcoming enables to produce automated prevention course including diagnostics and individual training of psychological skills necessary for computer-mediated activity.
The hypothesis of somatic-psychic dissonance: Neurosological, narcological and psychotherapeutic aspects
A. I. Paley
The hypothesis of somatic-psychic dissonance presents an attempt to develop S. Schachter's theory of emotions and to apply it to the mechanisms of stable personal changes studied by neurosology, narcology and psychotherapy. The author underlines the importance of psychological aspects in pharmakologic therapy of neuroses and analyses some features and sets of alcoholics. There is a possibility to use the hypothesis in the investigation of masked unspecific factors common for different psychotherapeutic methods.
"Inner picture of health"— is it a term or a conception?
V. E. Kagan
The author of a notion of "inner picture of health" (1986) discusses the latter not as a term, but as a conception which allows to present some new for the medicine problems— first of all the problem of health culture. The author considers the notion of "inner picture of health" not to be an antonym for "inner picture of illness" one, coined by A. R. Luria in 1929.
To the memory of Teacher
V. P. Zinchenko
Well-known Russian psychologist V. P. Zinchenko describes his scholarship under P. Ya. Galperin—one of the founders of modern Russian psychology.
Theory of planned formation of intellectual actions today
N. F. Talyzina
Contemporary situation in the development of planned formation of intellectual actions theory is reviewed. Some important results of the studies are outlined.
Speeches and addresses on Psychological Institute opening
Continued from N 5-6, 1992.
Anxiety index increase as a result of self-evaluation and aspiration divergence
L. V. Borozdina, E. A. Zaiuchenova
The relationship of self-evaluation and level of aspiration to anxiety index was studied. Dembo— Rubinstein, Hoppe—Jucknat and Taylor (MAS) techniques were administered to 80 subjects of 21-35 years of age. High anxiety index is acknowledged to be connected to low self-evaluation. More complex relationship has been found. Low and medium anxiety scores were registered for converging self-evaluation and aspiration levels, when aspirations were higher or lower than self-evaluation. This phenomenon is analyzed in detail.
Опубликовано 31 января 2005 года
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