ПСИХОЛОГИЯ (последнее)
Development as an object of psychogenetics
Актуальные публикации по вопросам современной психологии.
РЕЗЮМЕ НА АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ
Development as an object of psychogenetics
M. S. Egorova, T. M. Maryutina
Two aspects of genetic-invironmental interaction in human development—specific and individual—are analysed. The former is connected to ontogenetic realization of normative laws determining universal for human population traits. Possible mechanisms of genotypic influence on psychic development are considered. Normative laws of genetic—environment interaction and genetic-environmental interaction in individual psychological traits' formation are independent phenomena. The latter can be experimentally studied by special genetic methods. The possibilities of these methods usage in psychological research (for instance, in the study of developmental stages order and of the role played by environmental factors in individual differences' formation) are analysed.
Ecological disaster image's forming on the example of Tchernobyl atomic disaster
V. A. Molyako
Ecological problems and population's attitude to them are considered in their connection to Tchernobyl atomic disaster. The structure of Tchernobyl atomic disaster (TAD) image in children and adults is analysed and its role in people behavior is studied.
Social-psychological mechanisms of children's introduction to the tradition of alcohol drinking
L.O. Romanova, T. I. Petrakova
The study was aimed at the investigation of the formation of a set and drinking tradition elements' adoption in schoolchildren. 6—7-years-olds have already the basic parts of information concerning alcohol. 9—11-years-olds demonstrate broader views on situations when alcohol consumption is possible. Their knowledge of alcohol results is based on more differentiated evaluation of drunken adults and on their own single trials of alcohol. Adolescents (about 14 years old) are characterized by their own standards in alcohol sub-culture adoption. Knowledge of ritual is formed earlier than positive attitude to alcohol. This fact makes it possible to achieve purposeful anti-alcohol measures in schoolchildren.
Speeches and addresses on Psychological Institute opening
Some data on the first Russian psychological institute foundation are presented.
Developmental psychology problems (reading 0. Mandelshtam's poetry)
V. P. Zinchenko
Continued from N 4, 5, 6 1991; N 3—4 1992.
The aggression and control
T. G. Rumyantseva
The problem of control, restrain and overcoming of aggression analysis and the main ways of its solving in modern Western psychology are reviewed. True scale and philosophical status of the problem are shown: its solving is a prerequisite for the working out and practical application of strategy and tactics of non-violent human coexistence. Some theoretical concepts and practical methods are discussed: cognitive control, physiological pressure means, incompatible answers' strategy, ets.
Object play activity in early childhood
N. N. Palagina
The contents and the meaning of child's play with uninformative objects as well as its development are studied. Longitude observation of 6 children in a family and experimental research in a kindergarten (200 children aged-1—2.5 years) using the methods of Russian folk pedagogics show that the contents of object play include the variation of place, conditions and means of actions with the object, its equipment with uncharacteristic functions and the traits of an alive one. Such a play makes children comfortable, they acquire the possibilities for conditioned actions, symbolic replacement, imagined situations. Object play is a material base of images' transformation. The show of possible actions with the objects during the lessons and in everyday life is necessary for its development.
System model of sign-symbolic activity in preschoolers
E. E. Sapogova
The system mode] of sign-symbolic activity's development in ontogenesis is offered. Its three stages are marked out: low level — replacement, middle level — modelling, and high one — mental experimenting, each characterized by qualitative peculiarities in idealized objectivity's construction. The central process for preschool age is modelling, which is studied experimentally. Original method «Buttons» was designed to study if senior preschoolers master the modelling and the means of it. The results show that about 70 % of senior preschoolers can compare modelled properties to known concrete ones.
Development as an object of psychogenetics
M. S. Egorova, T. M. Maryutina
Two aspects of genetic-invironmental interaction in human development—specific and individual—are analysed. The former is connected to ontogenetic realization of normative laws determining universal for human population traits. Possible mechanisms of genotypic influence on psychic development are considered. Normative laws of genetic—environment interaction and genetic-environmental interaction in individual psychological traits' formation are independent phenomena. The latter can be experimentally studied by special genetic methods. The possibilities of these methods usage in psychological research (for instance, in the study of developmental stages order and of the role played by environmental factors in individual differences' formation) are analysed.
Ecological disaster image's forming on the example of Tchernobyl atomic disaster
V. A. Molyako
Ecological problems and population's attitude to them are considered in their connection to Tchernobyl atomic disaster. The structure of Tchernobyl atomic disaster (TAD) image in children and adults is analysed and its role in people behavior is studied.
Social-psychological mechanisms of children's introduction to the tradition of alcohol drinking
L.O. Romanova, T. I. Petrakova
The study was aimed at the investigation of the formation of a set and drinking tradition elements' adoption in schoolchildren. 6—7-years-olds have already the basic parts of information concerning alcohol. 9—11-years-olds demonstrate broader views on situations when alcohol consumption is possible. Their knowledge of alcohol results is based on more differentiated evaluation of drunken adults and on their own single trials of alcohol. Adolescents (about 14 years old) are characterized by their own standards in alcohol sub-culture adoption. Knowledge of ritual is formed earlier than positive attitude to alcohol. This fact makes it possible to achieve purposeful anti-alcohol measures in schoolchildren.
Speeches and addresses on Psychological Institute opening
Some data on the first Russian psychological institute foundation are presented.
Developmental psychology problems (reading 0. Mandelshtam's poetry)
V. P. Zinchenko
Continued from N 4, 5, 6 1991; N 3—4 1992.
The aggression and control
T. G. Rumyantseva
The problem of control, restrain and overcoming of aggression analysis and the main ways of its solving in modern Western psychology are reviewed. True scale and philosophical status of the problem are shown: its solving is a prerequisite for the working out and practical application of strategy and tactics of non-violent human coexistence. Some theoretical concepts and practical methods are discussed: cognitive control, physiological pressure means, incompatible answers' strategy, ets.
Object play activity in early childhood
N. N. Palagina
The contents and the meaning of child's play with uninformative objects as well as its development are studied. Longitude observation of 6 children in a family and experimental research in a kindergarten (200 children aged-1—2.5 years) using the methods of Russian folk pedagogics show that the contents of object play include the variation of place, conditions and means of actions with the object, its equipment with uncharacteristic functions and the traits of an alive one. Such a play makes children comfortable, they acquire the possibilities for conditioned actions, symbolic replacement, imagined situations. Object play is a material base of images' transformation. The show of possible actions with the objects during the lessons and in everyday life is necessary for its development.
System model of sign-symbolic activity in preschoolers
E. E. Sapogova
The system mode] of sign-symbolic activity's development in ontogenesis is offered. Its three stages are marked out: low level — replacement, middle level — modelling, and high one — mental experimenting, each characterized by qualitative peculiarities in idealized objectivity's construction. The central process for preschool age is modelling, which is studied experimentally. Original method «Buttons» was designed to study if senior preschoolers master the modelling and the means of it. The results show that about 70 % of senior preschoolers can compare modelled properties to known concrete ones.
Опубликовано 30 января 2005 года
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