ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈß (ïîñëåäíåå)
§° §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §Ù§Ó§Ö§Ù§Õ
Àêòóàëüíûå ïóáëèêàöèè ïî âîïðîñàì ôèëîñîôèè. Êíèãè, ñòàòüè, çàìåòêè.
§¯.§¤§å§Õ§Þ§Ö§ß
§° §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §Ù§Ó§Ö§Ù§Õ
§±§Ö§â. §®.§£.§§Ö§Ò§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ó§Ñ
§¢¨®§Ý§î§ê§å§ð §é§Ñ§ã§ä§î §ä§à§Ô§à, §é§ä§à §·§Ú§Ý§Ñ§â§Ú §±§Ñ§ä§ß§ï§Þ §á§Ú§ê§Ö§ä §à "§³§á§à§ã§à§Ò§Ñ§ç §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó"[1], §ñ §Þ§à§Ô§å §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §á§â§Ú§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î. §ª §ç§à§ä§ñ §ñ §Þ§à§Ô §Ò§í §á§à§Ø§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ä§î §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú§ä§î §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Þ§Ö§ã§ä§Ñ §Ó §Ö§Ô§à §ã§ä§Ñ§ä§î§Ö, §Ú§ã§Ü§Ñ§ä§î §à§ê§Ú§Ò§Ü§Ú, §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§ñ "§¢§â§Ñ§Ó§à!", §Ò§í§Ý§à §Ò§í §ß§Ö §ã§Ý§Ú§ê§Ü§à§Þ §å§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§ß§à. §¢§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ë§Ú§Þ §Ù§Õ§Ö§ã§î, §Ó§Ö§â§à§ñ§ä§ß§à, §ã§ä§Ñ§ß§Ö§ä §Õ§à§Ó§à§Ý§î§ß§à §à§Ò§ë§Ö§Ö §à§Ò§ã§å§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§à§Ó, §à§Ò§í§é§ß§à §á§à§Õ§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ö§Þ§í§ç §Ó §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ú §ã §â§Ñ§Õ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ §â§Ö§Ý§ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§Ú§Ù§Þ§à§Þ §ã§à §ã§ä§â§à§Ô§Ú§Þ§Ú §à§Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú §Ú §Ú§â§â§Ö§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Þ§à§Þ, §á§â§à§ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Ó §Þ§à§Ö§Û §Ü§ß§Ú§Ô§Ö.
§Á §å§ä§Ó§Ö§â§Ø§Õ§Ñ§ð, §é§ä§à §Þ§ß§à§Ø§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§í§ç §Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§Û ¡ª §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ü§à§ß§æ§Ý§Ú§Ü§ä§å§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §Õ§â§å§Ô §ã §Õ§â§å§Ô§à§Þ, §Ñ §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §ß§Ö§ã§à§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§â§Ú§Þ§í§Ö, §é§ä§à §Ú§ç §Ü§à§ß§æ§Ý§Ú§Ü§ä §Ú§Ý§Ú §ã§à§Ó§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§Ú§Þ§à§ã§ä§î §ß§Ö§à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ú§Þ§Ñ ¡ª §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §à§Õ§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ü§à§Ó§à §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ§Ú. §°§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§Ú §à§ä§Ý§Ú§é§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §à§ä §ß§Ö§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§Û: §â§Ö§Ý§ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§Ú§Ù§Þ §à§Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ß §ã§à§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú. §±§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î, §à§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à, §ß§Ú §Ü§à§ß§ã§ä§Ú§ä§å§Ú§â§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ, §ß§Ú §á§â§à§Ó§Ö§â§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö§Þ §Þ§Ú§â§å, §ß§Ö§Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§Þ§à§Þ§å §à§ä §Ó§ã§Ö§ç §Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§Û.
§¯§à §ß§Ñ §ï§ä§à §Ó§à§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ó§à§Ù§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö "§Á§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ý§Ú §ã§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ü§â§Ú§ä§Ö§â§Ú§Ú §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §à§ä§ß§à§ã§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ§Ú? §ª §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §ä§Ñ§Ü, §ä§à §ß§Ö §ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ §Ý§Ú §Þ§í §Ù§Ñ§ä§Ö§â§ñ§ß§í §Ó §á§à§Ý§ß§à§Û §ã§å§Ò§ì§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú?" §±§â§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö §Ó§ã§Ö§Ô§à §Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§Ú§Þ, §é§ä§à §Þ§à§Ö §á§â§Ö§Õ§á§à§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §é§ä§à §Ó §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ç §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§è §á§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§ß§à§Ö §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Õ§à§á§à§Õ§à§Ò§Ú§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§Ý§à §Ò§í §Ò§í§ä§î §á§â§Ú§ß§ñ§ä§à §Ù§Ñ §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ä§à§é§ß§à§Ö §å§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§Ö §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ú§ã§ä§Ú§ß§í, §ã§Ñ§Þ§à §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Õ§à§á§à§Õ§à§Ò§ß§à §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Ó §ä§à§Þ §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§Ö, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Õ§à§á§à§Õ§à§Ò§Ú§Ö §ß§Ö §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §å§â§Ñ§Ó§ß§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ã §á§à§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ, §é§Ö§Þ "§Ò§í§ä§î §Ü§â§Ñ§ã§ß§í§Þ" §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§à §å§â§Ñ§Ó§ß§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §ã "§Ó§í§Ô§Ý§ñ§Õ§Ö§ä§î §Ü§â§Ñ§ã§ß§í§Þ". §®§í §é§Ñ§ã§ä§à §á§à§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§Ö§Þ §ß§Ö§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Õ§à§á§à§Õ§à§Ò§ß§à§Ö §Ú §ß§Ö §Ó§Ö§â§Ú§Þ §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Õ§à§á§à§Õ§à§Ò§ß§à§Þ§å. §³§ä§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ñ§â§ä§í §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Õ§à§á§à§Õ§à§Ò§Ú§ñ §ß§Ö §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ã §Ú§ß§Õ§Ú§Ó§Ú§Õ§å§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ §Þ§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ, §ã§Ü§Ó§à§Ù§î §Þ§Ú§â§í §Ó §Þ§Ú§â§Ö §Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó, §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§à§Þ §Ó "§³§á§à§ã§à§Ò§Ñ§ç §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó". §¯§à §á§â§Ú §ï§ä§à§Þ §à§ß§Ú §Ú §ß§Ö §Ñ§Ò§ã§à§Ý§ð§ä§ß§í; §à§ß§Ú §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §à§ä §à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §Þ§Ú§â§Ñ §Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó §Ü §Õ§â§å§Ô§à§Þ§å. §°§ä§ß§à§ã§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î §á§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§ß§à §Õ§Ó§Ú§Ø§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ó§Ó§Ö§â§ç.
"§¬§Ñ§Ü §ä§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ", §á§à§ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã, "§Þ§à§Ø§Ö§Þ §Þ§í §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ-§Ý§Ú§Ò§à §å§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §é§ä§à-§Ý§Ú§Ò§à §à§Ü§à§ß§é§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à, §á§à§Ý§ß§à§ã§ä§î§ð §Ú §ß§Ñ§Ó§Ö§â§ß§ñ§Ü§Ñ, §Õ§Ñ§Ø§Ö §ß§Ñ§Ú§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §à§é§Ö§Ó§Ú§Õ§ß§í§Û §ä§â§ð§Ú§Ù§Þ §Ú §ß§Ñ§Ú§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §Ý§Ö§Ý§Ö§Ö§Þ§à§Ö §Ü§â§Ö§Õ§à?" §°§ä§Ó§Ö§ä, §Ü§à§ß§Ö§é§ß§à, §é§ä§à §Þ§í §ß§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§Þ §ï§ä§à§Ô§à §ã§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ä§î, §Ú §é§ä§à §ï§ä§à §ß§Ö §Þ§à§ñ §Ó§Ú§ß§Ñ. §¯§Ú §Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ü§à§Û, §ß§Ú §Ý§ð§Ò§í§Þ§Ú §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Þ§Ú §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Þ§í §ß§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§Þ §Õ§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§î §ß§Ö§é§ä§à §ß§Ú §Ú§Ù §é§Ö§Ô§à. §®§í §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§í §ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§ä§î §ã §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §á§à§ã§í§Ý§à§Ü §Ú §á§â§Ú§ß§è§Ú§á§à§Ó; §Ó §ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§Ú §ß§Ö§ä §ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Ü§Ú§ç §Ñ§Ò§ã§à§Ý§ð§ä§ß§í§ç §Ú §ß§Ö§à§á§â§à§Ó§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Þ§í§ç §ß§Ö§ã§à§Þ§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§à§Ó. §¯§à §ï§ä§à §ß§Ö §á§à§Õ§â§Ñ§Ù§å§Þ§Ö§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä, §é§ä§à §Þ§í §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§í §ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§ä§î §ã §ß§Ö§Ò§â§Ö§Ø§ß§í§ç §á§â§Ö§Õ§á§à§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Û. §®§í §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§Ö§Þ §Ù§Ñ §ß§Ñ§ê§Ö§Û §å§Ó§Ö§â§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î§ð §Ú §å§Ò§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §á§à§Õ§Ó§Ö§â§Ø§Ö§ß§í §å§Ü§â§Ö§á§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §Ú§Ý§Ú §à§ã§Ý§Ñ§Ò§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ð, §Ú§Ý§Ú §Õ§Ñ§Ø§Ö §Ñ§ß§ß§å§Ý§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð §á§à §Þ§Ö§â§Ö §ä§à§Ô§à, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Þ§í §ã§ä§â§Ö§Þ§Ú§Þ§ã§ñ §ã§ä§â§à§Ú§ä§î §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §Þ§Ú§â§í §ß§Ñ §Ú§ç §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ö. §¯§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Ö §à§ä§á§â§Ñ§Ó§ß§í§Ö §Ú§Ý§Ú §æ§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §á§å§ß§Ü§ä§í, §Ú§Ý§Ú §á§å§ß§Ü§ä§í §á§à §Õ§à§â§à§Ô§Ö §ß§Ö §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ú §Ñ§Ò§ã§à§Ý§ð§ä§ß§í§Þ§Ú, §ß§Ú §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§Ó§à§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ§Ú. §£§ã§Ö §ï§ä§à §Õ§Ý§ñ §Þ§Ö§ß§ñ §à§é§Ö§Ó§Ú§Õ§ß§à. §¯§à §ñ §Ó§í§ß§å§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß §ß§Ö§à§Õ§ß§à§Ü§â§Ñ§ä§ß§à §á§à§Õ§é§Ö§â§Ü§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î, §é§ä§à §Þ§à§Û §â§Ö§Ý§ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§Ú§Ù§Þ §â§Ñ§Ó§ß§à §å§Õ§Ñ§Ý§Ö§ß §Ú §à§ä §ß§Ö§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ú§â§Ú§Þ§à§Ô§à §Ñ§Ò§ã§à§Ý§ð§ä§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ñ, §Ú §à§ä §Ó§ã§Ö§Õ§à§Ù§Ó§à§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú.
§º§Ö§æ§æ§Ý§Ö§â §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä, §é§ä§à §ñ §ß§Ö§à§Õ§ß§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß[2], §Ñ §º§Ö§æ§æ§Ý§Ö§â ¡ª §å§Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ñ§Ö§Þ§í§Û §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü. §°§ß §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä, §é§ä§à §ñ §å§ä§Ó§Ö§â§Ø§Õ§Ñ§ð, §é§ä§à §Þ§Ú§â§í ¡ª §ß§Ö§é§ä§à §Ú§ß§à§Ö, §é§Ö§Þ §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§Ú, §Ú §à§ä§Ó§Ö§é§Ñ§ð§ä §Ú§Þ; §Ú §ï§ä§à §Þ§à§Ú §ã§à§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ñ. §ª §é§ä§à §Ø§Ö? §¥§à§Ý§Ø§Ö§ß §Ý§Ú §ñ §á§â§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§ä§î §Ó§Ú§ß§å §Ú §ã§Õ§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ, §ß§Ö §Ù§Ñ§ë§Ú§ë§Ñ§ñ§ã§î?
§¯§Ö §Ó§í§Û§Õ§Ö§ä. §£§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§à §ï§ä§à§Ô§à, §Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§å§ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ü§å §ã§à§Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §Õ§Ú§á§Ý§à§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ú, §ñ §Ó§í§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö §à§Ò§ì§ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð, §é§ä§à §ñ §ß§Ö §ã§à§Ø§Ñ§Ý§Ö§ð §à §ä§à§Þ, §é§ä§à §ñ §ß§Ñ§á§Ú§ã§Ñ§Ý. §®§í §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§Þ §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §à§Ò§Ñ §á§å§ä§Ú, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §æ§Ú§Ù§Ú§Ü ¡ª §ä§Ö§à§â§Ú§ð §á§à§Ý§ñ §Ú §ä§Ö§à§â§Ú§ð §é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú§è. §³§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§î, §é§ä§à §Ü§Ñ§Ø§Õ§Ñ§ñ §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§ñ §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Þ§Ú§â§à§Þ §Ú §é§ä§à §Ü§Ñ§Ø§Õ§Ñ§ñ §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§ñ §Ú§Þ§Ö§Ö§ä §à§ä§Ó§Ö§é§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Û §Ö§Û §Þ§Ú§â, §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §à§Õ§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ü§à§Ó§à §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à, §Õ§Ñ§Ø§Ö §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §ä§à §Ú §Õ§â§å§Ô§à§Ö §ß§Ñ§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §á§â§à§ä§Ú§Ó§à§â§Ö§é§Ú§Ú. §¬§â§à§Þ§Ö §ä§à§Ô§à, §â§Ñ§Ù§Ô§à§Ó§à§â §à §Þ§Ú§â§Ñ§ç §Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§Ô§à§Ó§à§â §à §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§ñ§ç §é§Ñ§ã§ä§à §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ß§ñ§Ö§Þ§í.
§¯§Ñ§é§ß§Ö§Þ §ã §á§à§Õ§ä§Ó§Ö§â§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §é§ä§à §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§ñ §Ú §Ö§Ö §Þ§Ú§â §à§ä§Ý§Ú§é§ß§í §Õ§â§å§Ô §à§ä §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ñ. §£§Ö§â§ã§Ú§ñ, §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§ñ§ë§Ñ§ñ, §é§ä§à §ß§Ñ§Ó§Ö§â§ç§å §Ú§Þ§Ö§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ù§Ó§Ö§Ù§Õ§Ñ, §ã§Ñ§Þ§Ñ §á§à §ã§Ö§Ò§Ö §ß§Ö §ã§Ó§Ö§ä§Ú§ä §Ú§Ý§Ú §ß§Ö §ß§Ñ§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §Õ§Ñ§Ý§Ö§Ü§à§Þ §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§Ú§Ú, §Ñ §Ù§Ó§Ö§Ù§Õ§Ñ §ß§Ö §ã§à§ã§ä§à§Ú§ä §Ú§Ù §Ò§å§Ü§Ó. §³ §Õ§â§å§Ô§à§Û §ã§ä§à§â§à§ß§í, §ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§î, §é§ä§à §ß§Ñ§Ó§Ö§â§ç§å §Ú§Þ§Ö§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ù§Ó§Ö§Ù§Õ§Ñ §Ú §ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§î, §é§ä§à §å§ä§Ó§Ö§â§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö "§¯§Ñ§Ó§Ö§â§ç§å §Ú§Þ§Ö§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ù§Ó§Ö§Ù§Õ§Ñ" §Ú§ã§ä§Ú§ß§ß§à, §à§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ö§ä, §ä§â§Ú§Ó§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à, §á§à§é§ä§Ú §à§Õ§ß§à §Ú §ä§à §Ø§Ö, §Õ§Ñ§Ø§Ö §á§â§Ú §ä§à§Þ, §é§ä§à §à§Õ§Ú§ß, §Ü§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ä§ã§ñ, §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä §à §Ù§Ó§Ö§Ù§Õ§Ö, §Ñ §Õ§â§å§Ô§à§Û §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä §à§Ò §å§ä§Ó§Ö§â§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú. §¹§ä§à §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§à, §Þ§í §ß§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§Þ §ß§Ñ§Û§ä§Ú §ß§Ú §à§Õ§Ú§ß §Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§à§Û §á§â§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ü, §ß§Ö§Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§Þ§í§Û §à§ä §Ó§ã§Ö§ç §Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§Û. §£§ã§Ö, §é§ä§à §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §Ú§ã§ä§Ú§ß§ß§à §ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§à §à §Þ§Ú§â§Ö, §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§ä §à§ä §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§ñ§ë§Ö§Ô§à ¡ª §ß§Ö §ä§Ñ§Ü, §é§ä§à §Ó§ã§Ö, §é§ä§à §Þ§í §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§Þ, §Ú§ã§ä§Ú§ß§ß§à, §ß§à §é§ä§à §Ó§ã§Ö, §é§ä§à §Þ§í §Ú§ã§ä§Ú§ß§ß§à §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§Þ (§Ú§Ý§Ú §Ú§ß§Ñ§é§Ö §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§Þ), §à§ã§Ó§Ö§Õ§à§Þ§Ý§Ö§ß§à §ñ§Ù§í§Ü§à§Þ §Ú §à§ä§ß§à§ã§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à §Ü §ñ§Ù§í§Ü§å §Ú§Ý§Ú §Õ§â§å§Ô§à§Û §ã§Ú§Þ§Ó§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ö, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§å§ð §Þ§í §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§Ö§Þ. §¯§Ö§Ý§î§Ù§ñ §á§â§à§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§Ú §å§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§à§Û §Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§è§í §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §ä§Ö§Þ§Ú §á§â§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ü§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Þ§Ú§â§Ñ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§Þ§í §à§ä §Õ§Ú§ã§Ü§å§â§ã§Ñ §Ú §ä§Ö§Þ§Ú, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §à§ä §ß§Ö§Ô§à §ß§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§ñ§ä. §¬§Ñ§Ü §ñ §ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Ý, "§±§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú, §Ü§à§ß§Ö§é§ß§à, §Þ§í §á§â§à§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§Þ §Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§è§å §Ó§Ö§Ù§Õ§Ö, §Ô§Õ§Ö §ç§à§ä§Ú§Þ, §Ú §Þ§Ö§ß§ñ§Ö§Þ §Ö§Ö §ä§Ñ§Ü §é§Ñ§ã§ä§à, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ä§à§Ô§à §ä§â§Ö§Ò§å§ð§ä §ß§Ñ§ê§Ú §è§Ö§Ý§Ú"[3]. §¦§ã§Ý§Ú §ñ §á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§ð§ã§î §á§â§Ú§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ö§Ô§Ú§Ö§Û §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä§î §Ó §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §Þ§Ö§ã§ä§Ñ§ç §ä§Ñ§Ü, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ò§å§Õ§ä§à §Ö§ã§ä§î §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§Ú, §Ñ §Ó §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç¡ª §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ò§å§Õ§ä§à §Ú§Þ§Ö§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Þ§Ú§â§í §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ó§ã§Ö§ç §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§Û, §ñ §é§Ñ§ã§ä§à §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ð §ï§ä§à §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Õ§Ý§ñ §ä§à§Ô§à, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §á§à§Õ§é§Ö§â§Ü§ß§å§ä§î §ï§ä§à §ã§à§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö.
§º§Ö§æ§æ§Ý§Ö§â §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ó§à§Ù§â§Ñ§Ø§Ñ§Ö§ä §á§â§à§ä§Ú§Ó §Ú§Õ§Ö§Ú, §é§ä§à §Þ§í §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§Ö§Þ §Þ§Ú§â§í, §Ú §à§ß §ß§Ö §à§Õ§Ú§ß§à§Ü §Ó §ï§ä§à§Þ. §°§Ò§í§é§ß§à§Ö §ã§à§á§â§à§ä§Ú§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ó §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §ã§ä§Ö§á§Ö§ß§Ú §Ò§í§ä§î §á§â§Ú§á§Ú§ã§Ñ§ß§à §à§Õ§ß§à§Þ§å §Ú§Ù §Õ§Ó§å§ç §Ü§à§Þ§á§Ý§Ö§Ü§ã§à§Ó. §±§Ö§â§Ó§í§Û ¡ª §Ü§à§Þ§á§Ý§Ö§Ü§ã "§Þ§Ú§â §ä§Ñ§Ü §á§â§Ö§Ü§â§Ñ§ã§Ö§ß, §é§ä§à §ñ §ß§Ö §ã§Þ§à§Ô §Ò§í §ã§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ä§î §Ö§Ô§à §ä§Ñ§Ü §ç§à§â§à§ê§à", §Ú§ß§Ñ§é§Ö §Ú§Ù§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§ß§í§Û §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ü§à§Þ§á§Ý§Ö§Ü§ã "§ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Ò§à§Ô §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §ã§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ä§î §Õ§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§à". §¥§â§å§Ô§à§Û ¡ª §Ü§à§Þ§á§Ý§Ö§Ü§ã "§Þ§Ú§â §ä§Ñ§Ü §å§Ø§Ñ§ã§Ö§ß, §Ñ §ñ §Ó §ï§ä§à§Þ §ß§Ö §Ó§Ú§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ä". §°§Ò§Ñ §à§á§Ú§â§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §à§ê§Ú§Ò§Ü§å, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§å§ð §Þ§í §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§Þ §ã§à§Ó§Ö§â§ê§Ñ§ä§î §Ý§ð§Ò§í§Þ §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§à§Þ, §Ü§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Þ §á§à§ß§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§ã§ñ, §ß§Ö§Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§Þ§à §à§ä §ä§à§Ô§à, §é§ä§à §Þ§í §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§Ö§Þ. §ª§ã§ä§à§é§ß§Ú§Ü §à§ê§Ú§Ò§Ü§Ú §ä§â§å§Õ§ß§à §Ó§à§ã§á§â§Ú§ß§ñ§ä§î. §®§í §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§Ö§Þ §ã§ä§å§Ý§î§ñ, §Ü§à§Þ§á§î§ð§ä§Ö§â§í, §Ü§ß§Ú§Ô§Ú, §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§Ý§Ö§ä§í, §Ú §Õ§Ý§ñ §ä§à§Ô§à, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §ã§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ä§î §Ú§ç §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à, §ä§â§Ö§Ò§å§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ§Ó§í§Ü, §Ù§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ñ §Ú §å§á§à§â§ß§í§Û §ä§â§å§Õ. §³§ä§å§Ý, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û §ñ §ã§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ð, §Ó§Ö§â§à§ñ§ä§ß§à, §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§ä §ê§Ñ§ä§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ; §Ü§ß§Ú§Ô§Ñ §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ò§Ö§ã§Ü§à§ß§Ö§é§ß§í§Ö §Ô§à§Ý§à§Ó§ß§í§Ö §Ò§à§Ý§Ú; §ñ §Ó§à§Ó§ã§Ö §ß§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§å §ã§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ä§î §Ü§à§Þ§á§î§ð§ä§Ö§â; §Ú §ß§Ú§Ü§à§Þ§å §Ó§à§à§Ò§ë§Ö §ß§Ö §å§Õ§Ñ§Ý§à§ã§î §ã§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ä§î §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§Ý§Ö§ä, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û §Õ§Ñ§Ý§Ö§Ü§à §Ý§Ö§ä§Ñ§Ý §Ò§í §ß§Ñ §Ò§Ñ§ä§Ñ§â§Ö§ñ§ç. §³§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§í§ç §Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§Û §Ú§Ý§Ú §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó §ä§ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§Ö§Ö, §é§Ö§Þ §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §ã§ä§å§Ý§î§Ö§Ó §Ú§Ý§Ú §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§Ý§Ö§ä§à§Ó, §Ú §à§ß§Ú §ä§Ö§â§á§ñ§ä §à§Ò§ë§å§ð §ß§Ö§å§Õ§Ñ§é§å §Ó §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §ã§ä§Ö§á§Ö§ß§Ú §á§à§ä§à§Þ§å, §é§ä§à §Ó§Ö§ã§î §Õ§à§ã§ä§å§á§ß§í§Û §ß§Ñ§Þ §Þ§Ñ§ä§Ö§â§Ú§Ñ§Ý ¡ª §á§â§à§Õ§å§Ü§ä§í §á§Ö§â§Ö§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ú §ã§ä§Ñ§â§í§ç §Ú §å§á§â§ñ§Þ§í§ç §Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó. §´§à, §é§ä§à §Þ§í §ã§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§Ý§Ú §Ú§ç §ß§Ö §Ý§å§é§ê§Ö §Ú §ß§Ö §ç§å§Ø§Ö, §ß§Ö §ã§Ó§Ú§Õ§Ö§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §à §ä§à§Þ, §é§ä§à §ã§ä§å§Ý§î§ñ, §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§Ý§Ö§ä§í §Ú§Ý§Ú §Þ§Ú§â§í §ã§Ü§à§â§Ö§Ö §à§Ò§ß§Ñ§â§å§Ø§Ö§ß§í, §é§Ö§Þ §ã§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ß§í.
§º§Ö§æ§æ§Ý§Ö§â §å§ä§Ó§Ö§â§Ø§Õ§Ñ§Ö§ä, §é§ä§à §Þ§í §ß§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§Þ §ã§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ä§î §Ù§Ó§Ö§Ù§Õ§í. §Á §ã§á§â§Ñ§ê§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð §Ö§Ô§à, §Ü§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ú§Ù §á§â§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ü§à§Ó §Ù§Ó§Ö§Ù§Õ §ã§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ß§í §ß§Ö §ß§Ñ§Þ§Ú, §Ú §ä§â§Ö§Ò§å§ð §Ù§Ñ§ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§î, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §à§ß§Ú §à§ä§Ý§Ú§é§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §à§ä §á§â§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ü§à§Ó, §ñ§ã§ß§à §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§ñ§ë§Ú§ç §à§ä §Õ§Ú§ã§Ü§å§â§ã§Ñ. §°§ß §ã§á§â§Ñ§ê§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Þ§í §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§Þ §ã§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ä§î §é§ä§à-§Ý§Ú§Ò§à §ã§ä§Ñ§â§ê§Ö §ß§Ñ§ã? §±§â§à§ã§ä§à, §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ñ §á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ú §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Ö §ã§à§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§ä §ï§ä§Ú §Ù§Ó§Ö§Ù§Õ§í. §¿§ä§à§ä §Þ§Ú§â (§Ú §Þ§ß§à§Ô§à §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç) §Ò§í§Ý §ã§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ß §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ú §ß§Ñ§å§Ü§Ú, §ã §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ú§Þ§Ú §ä§â§å§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§ñ§Þ§Ú, §Ú, §á§à§Õ§à§Ò§ß§à §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§Ú§Þ §æ§Ö§ß§à§Þ§Ö§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ §Þ§Ú§â§Ñ§Þ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §ã§à§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§ä §Ù§Ó§Ö§Ù§Õ§í, §ï§ä§à ¡ª §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §Ú§Ý§Ú §Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§Ö §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §Ú§Ý§Ú §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §Þ§Ú§â. §®§í §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§Þ §Ù§Ñ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§î §ã§à§Ý§ß§è§Ö §à§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ, §ß§à §ß§Ö §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ª§Ú§ã§å§ã §¯§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ß, §Ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ü §¢§â§å§ß§à. §®§í §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§Ö§Þ §Ù§Ó§Ö§Ù§Õ§í, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Þ§í §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§Ö§Þ §ã§à§Ù§Ó§Ö§Ù§Õ§Ú§ñ, §ã§Ü§Ý§Ñ§Õ§í§Ó§Ñ§ñ §Ú§ç §é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §Ó§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§Ö §Ú §à§ä§Þ§Ö§é§Ñ§ñ §Ú§ç §Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§è§í.
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§¬.§¤.§¤§Ö§Þ§á§Ö§Ý§î[4], §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö §ä§ë§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §ã§â§Ñ§Ó§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Þ§à§Ú§ç §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §ã §°§ä§ä§à §¯§Ö§Û§â§Ñ§ä§à§Þ, §Ó§í§Õ§Ó§Ú§Ô§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ö§é§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö, §é§ä§à, §ç§à§ä§ñ §ñ §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§ð, §é§ä§à §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§í §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §ã§Ü§à§â§Ö§Ö §Ó§ã§ä§â§à§Ö§ß§í §Ó §Þ§Ú§â, §é§Ö§Þ §ß§Ñ§Û§Õ§Ö§ß§í §Ó §ß§Ö§Þ, §Þ§í §ß§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§Þ §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î "§Ý§ð§Ò§í§Ö §Ü§â§Ú§ä§Ö§â§Ú§Ú, §Ü§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Ö §ß§Ñ§Þ §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §ß§â§Ñ§Ó§ñ§ä§ã§ñ". §Á §ã§à§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ã§Ö§ß. §¯§à §Ö§Ô§à §Ñ§â§Ô§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä §Ù§Õ§Ö§ã§î §Ý§ð§Ò§à§á§í§ä§Ö§ß. §°§ß §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§Ö§ä §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §Ô§Õ§Ö §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§â§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§ñ ¡ª §é§Ú§ã§Ý§à §å§Õ§Ñ§â§à§Ó §á§å§Ý§î§ã§Ñ §¥§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§Û-§Ý§Ñ§Þ§í §Ó §ä§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ï§ä§à§Ô§à §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§ñ. §¿§ä§à §ß§Ñ§á§à§Þ§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ö§ä §Þ§à§Û §ã§à§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â §ä§Ñ§Ü§à§Û §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í §Ü§à§à§â§Õ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ä, §é§ä§à §Õ§Ó§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ù§Ö§Þ§Ý§Ú §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §ä§Ñ§ß§è§å §±§Ö§ä§â§å§ê§Ü§Ú. §¯§à §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Þ§à§Û §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â §á§â§Ú§Ù§Ó§Ñ§ß §á§à§Õ§é§Ö§â§Ü§ß§å§ä§î §ê§Ú§â§à§Ü§à§Ö §â§Ñ§Ù§ß§à§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§Ú§Ö §á§â§à§ä§Ú§Ó§à§â§Ö§é§Ú§Ó§í§ç §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§Û, §ä§à §Ö§Ô§à §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß §á§â§à§ä§Ú§Ó §Þ§à§Ö§Ô§à §å§ä§Ó§Ö§â§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §é§ä§à "§à§Õ§ß§à§â§à§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§î §á§â§Ú§â§à§Õ§í, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Û §Þ§í §á§à§â§Ñ§Ø§Ñ§Ö§Þ§ã§ñ..., §á§â§Ú§ß§Ñ§Õ§Ý§Ö§Ø§Ú§ä §Þ§Ú§â§å §ß§Ñ§ê§Ö§Ô§à §ã§à§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ"[5], §á§à§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§å, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä §¤§Ö§Þ§á§Ö§Ý§î, §Ó §Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§Ú §ã §¥§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§Û-§Ý§Ñ§Þ§à§Û §ß§Ö §Ò§í§Ý§Ñ §Ò§í §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ñ "§æ§à§â§Þ§å§Ý§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ü§Ñ §ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Ü§Ú§ç §à§Ò§ë§Ú§ç §Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§å§Þ§ß§à §á§â§à§ã§ä§í§ç §Ù§Ñ§Ü§à§ß§à§Ó §á§â§Ú§â§à§Õ§í". §±§â§à§ã§ä§à§ä§Ñ ¡ª §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à §à§Õ§Ú§ß §Ú§Ù §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§Ö§Û§ê§Ú§ç §Ü§â§Ú§ä§Ö§â§Ú§Ö§Ó, §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§Ö§Þ§í§Û §á§â§Ú §Ó§í§Ò§à§â§Ö §ã§â§Ö§Õ§Ú §ä§Ö§à§â§Ú§Û §Ú §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Þ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Þ §Ó §á§à§Ú§ã§Ü§Ö §Ú§ã§ä§Ú§ß§í; §á§à§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§å §å§á§â§à§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö ¡ª §ï§ä§à §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ, §Ñ §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ ¡ª §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú §Õ§å§ê§Ñ §ß§Ñ§å§Ü§Ú. §¯§à §ñ §ß§Ö §Ó§Ú§Ø§å, §Ü§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Þ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Þ §ï§ä§à §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§à§Õ§â§Ñ§Ù§å§Þ§Ö§Ó§Ñ§ä§î, §é§ä§à §Ó§ß§Ö §ã§Ó§à§Ú§ç §Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§Û §á§â§Ú§â§à§Õ§Ñ §á§â§à§ã§ä§Ñ, §é§ä§à §Ò§í §ï§ä§à §ß§Ú §Þ§à§Ô§Ý§à §à§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§ä§î.
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§·§à§ä§ñ §ñ §ß§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§ð, §é§ä§à §Ú§Þ§Ö§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §Ó§Ú§Õ§å, §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§ñ§ä, §é§ä§à §ï§ä§à§ä §Þ§Ú§â §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §á§â§à§ã§ä§í§Þ §Ú§Ý§Ú §ã§Ý§à§Ø§ß§í§Þ, §ñ §Ú§Þ§Ö§ð §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Ö §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §é§ä§à §Ú§Þ§Ö§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §Ó§Ú§Õ§å, §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§ñ§ä, §é§ä§à §ã§â§Ö§Õ§Ú §Þ§ß§à§Ô§Ú§ç §Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §à§ß§Ú §Ó§à§à§Ò§ë§Ö §Ö§ã§ä§î, §Ö§ã§ä§î §á§â§à§ã§ä§í§Ö §Ú §ã§Ý§à§Ø§ß§í§Ö, §Ò§Ö§ã§ç§Ú§ä§â§à§ã§ä§ß§í§Ö §Ú §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ö§ä§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §á§â§à§Ù§Ñ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ú §á§à§ï§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö.
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[1] H. Putnam. "Reflections on Goodman's Ways of Worldmaking", Journal of Philosophy, 76 (1979), §â§â. 603‑618.
[2] I. Scheffler. "The Wonderful Worlds of Goodman", Synthese, 45 (1980), §â§â. 201‑209.
[3] §¤§Ý§Ñ§Ó§Ñ 7, §â§Ñ§Ù§Õ§Ö§Ý 2 (§á§â§Ú§Þ. §á§Ö§â.).
[4] C. G. Hempel. "Comments on Goodman's Ways of Worldmaking", Synthese, 45 (1980), §â§â. 193‑199.
[5] §¤§Ý§Ñ§Ó§Ñ 1, §â§Ñ§Ù§Õ§Ö§Ý 4 (§á§â§Ú§Þ. §á§Ö§â.).
[6] §¤§Ý§Ñ§Ó§Ñ 7, §â§Ñ§Ù§Õ§Ö§Ý 2 (§á§â§Ú§Þ. §á§Ö§â.).
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§¯§à §ß§Ñ §ï§ä§à §Ó§à§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ó§à§Ù§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö "§Á§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ý§Ú §ã§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ü§â§Ú§ä§Ö§â§Ú§Ú §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §à§ä§ß§à§ã§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ§Ú? §ª §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §ä§Ñ§Ü, §ä§à §ß§Ö §ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ §Ý§Ú §Þ§í §Ù§Ñ§ä§Ö§â§ñ§ß§í §Ó §á§à§Ý§ß§à§Û §ã§å§Ò§ì§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú?" §±§â§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö §Ó§ã§Ö§Ô§à §Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§Ú§Þ, §é§ä§à §Þ§à§Ö §á§â§Ö§Õ§á§à§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §é§ä§à §Ó §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ç §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§è §á§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§ß§à§Ö §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Õ§à§á§à§Õ§à§Ò§Ú§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§Ý§à §Ò§í §Ò§í§ä§î §á§â§Ú§ß§ñ§ä§à §Ù§Ñ §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ä§à§é§ß§à§Ö §å§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§Ö §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ú§ã§ä§Ú§ß§í, §ã§Ñ§Þ§à §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Õ§à§á§à§Õ§à§Ò§ß§à §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Ó §ä§à§Þ §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§Ö, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Õ§à§á§à§Õ§à§Ò§Ú§Ö §ß§Ö §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §å§â§Ñ§Ó§ß§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ã §á§à§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ, §é§Ö§Þ "§Ò§í§ä§î §Ü§â§Ñ§ã§ß§í§Þ" §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§à §å§â§Ñ§Ó§ß§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §ã "§Ó§í§Ô§Ý§ñ§Õ§Ö§ä§î §Ü§â§Ñ§ã§ß§í§Þ". §®§í §é§Ñ§ã§ä§à §á§à§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§Ö§Þ §ß§Ö§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Õ§à§á§à§Õ§à§Ò§ß§à§Ö §Ú §ß§Ö §Ó§Ö§â§Ú§Þ §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Õ§à§á§à§Õ§à§Ò§ß§à§Þ§å. §³§ä§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ñ§â§ä§í §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Õ§à§á§à§Õ§à§Ò§Ú§ñ §ß§Ö §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ã §Ú§ß§Õ§Ú§Ó§Ú§Õ§å§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ §Þ§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ, §ã§Ü§Ó§à§Ù§î §Þ§Ú§â§í §Ó §Þ§Ú§â§Ö §Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó, §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§à§Þ §Ó "§³§á§à§ã§à§Ò§Ñ§ç §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó". §¯§à §á§â§Ú §ï§ä§à§Þ §à§ß§Ú §Ú §ß§Ö §Ñ§Ò§ã§à§Ý§ð§ä§ß§í; §à§ß§Ú §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §à§ä §à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §Þ§Ú§â§Ñ §Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó §Ü §Õ§â§å§Ô§à§Þ§å. §°§ä§ß§à§ã§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î §á§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§ß§à §Õ§Ó§Ú§Ø§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ó§Ó§Ö§â§ç.
"§¬§Ñ§Ü §ä§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ", §á§à§ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã, "§Þ§à§Ø§Ö§Þ §Þ§í §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ-§Ý§Ú§Ò§à §å§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §é§ä§à-§Ý§Ú§Ò§à §à§Ü§à§ß§é§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à, §á§à§Ý§ß§à§ã§ä§î§ð §Ú §ß§Ñ§Ó§Ö§â§ß§ñ§Ü§Ñ, §Õ§Ñ§Ø§Ö §ß§Ñ§Ú§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §à§é§Ö§Ó§Ú§Õ§ß§í§Û §ä§â§ð§Ú§Ù§Þ §Ú §ß§Ñ§Ú§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §Ý§Ö§Ý§Ö§Ö§Þ§à§Ö §Ü§â§Ö§Õ§à?" §°§ä§Ó§Ö§ä, §Ü§à§ß§Ö§é§ß§à, §é§ä§à §Þ§í §ß§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§Þ §ï§ä§à§Ô§à §ã§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ä§î, §Ú §é§ä§à §ï§ä§à §ß§Ö §Þ§à§ñ §Ó§Ú§ß§Ñ. §¯§Ú §Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ü§à§Û, §ß§Ú §Ý§ð§Ò§í§Þ§Ú §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Þ§Ú §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Þ§í §ß§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§Þ §Õ§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§î §ß§Ö§é§ä§à §ß§Ú §Ú§Ù §é§Ö§Ô§à. §®§í §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§í §ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§ä§î §ã §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §á§à§ã§í§Ý§à§Ü §Ú §á§â§Ú§ß§è§Ú§á§à§Ó; §Ó §ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§Ú §ß§Ö§ä §ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Ü§Ú§ç §Ñ§Ò§ã§à§Ý§ð§ä§ß§í§ç §Ú §ß§Ö§à§á§â§à§Ó§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Þ§í§ç §ß§Ö§ã§à§Þ§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§à§Ó. §¯§à §ï§ä§à §ß§Ö §á§à§Õ§â§Ñ§Ù§å§Þ§Ö§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä, §é§ä§à §Þ§í §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§í §ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§ä§î §ã §ß§Ö§Ò§â§Ö§Ø§ß§í§ç §á§â§Ö§Õ§á§à§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Û. §®§í §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§Ö§Þ §Ù§Ñ §ß§Ñ§ê§Ö§Û §å§Ó§Ö§â§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î§ð §Ú §å§Ò§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §á§à§Õ§Ó§Ö§â§Ø§Ö§ß§í §å§Ü§â§Ö§á§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §Ú§Ý§Ú §à§ã§Ý§Ñ§Ò§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ð, §Ú§Ý§Ú §Õ§Ñ§Ø§Ö §Ñ§ß§ß§å§Ý§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð §á§à §Þ§Ö§â§Ö §ä§à§Ô§à, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Þ§í §ã§ä§â§Ö§Þ§Ú§Þ§ã§ñ §ã§ä§â§à§Ú§ä§î §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §Þ§Ú§â§í §ß§Ñ §Ú§ç §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ö. §¯§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Ö §à§ä§á§â§Ñ§Ó§ß§í§Ö §Ú§Ý§Ú §æ§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §á§å§ß§Ü§ä§í, §Ú§Ý§Ú §á§å§ß§Ü§ä§í §á§à §Õ§à§â§à§Ô§Ö §ß§Ö §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ú §Ñ§Ò§ã§à§Ý§ð§ä§ß§í§Þ§Ú, §ß§Ú §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§Ó§à§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ§Ú. §£§ã§Ö §ï§ä§à §Õ§Ý§ñ §Þ§Ö§ß§ñ §à§é§Ö§Ó§Ú§Õ§ß§à. §¯§à §ñ §Ó§í§ß§å§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß §ß§Ö§à§Õ§ß§à§Ü§â§Ñ§ä§ß§à §á§à§Õ§é§Ö§â§Ü§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î, §é§ä§à §Þ§à§Û §â§Ö§Ý§ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§Ú§Ù§Þ §â§Ñ§Ó§ß§à §å§Õ§Ñ§Ý§Ö§ß §Ú §à§ä §ß§Ö§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ú§â§Ú§Þ§à§Ô§à §Ñ§Ò§ã§à§Ý§ð§ä§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ñ, §Ú §à§ä §Ó§ã§Ö§Õ§à§Ù§Ó§à§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú.
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§¯§Ö §Ó§í§Û§Õ§Ö§ä. §£§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§à §ï§ä§à§Ô§à, §Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§å§ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ü§å §ã§à§Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §Õ§Ú§á§Ý§à§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ú, §ñ §Ó§í§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö §à§Ò§ì§ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð, §é§ä§à §ñ §ß§Ö §ã§à§Ø§Ñ§Ý§Ö§ð §à §ä§à§Þ, §é§ä§à §ñ §ß§Ñ§á§Ú§ã§Ñ§Ý. §®§í §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§Þ §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §à§Ò§Ñ §á§å§ä§Ú, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §æ§Ú§Ù§Ú§Ü ¡ª §ä§Ö§à§â§Ú§ð §á§à§Ý§ñ §Ú §ä§Ö§à§â§Ú§ð §é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú§è. §³§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§î, §é§ä§à §Ü§Ñ§Ø§Õ§Ñ§ñ §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§ñ §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Þ§Ú§â§à§Þ §Ú §é§ä§à §Ü§Ñ§Ø§Õ§Ñ§ñ §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§ñ §Ú§Þ§Ö§Ö§ä §à§ä§Ó§Ö§é§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Û §Ö§Û §Þ§Ú§â, §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §à§Õ§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ü§à§Ó§à §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à, §Õ§Ñ§Ø§Ö §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §ä§à §Ú §Õ§â§å§Ô§à§Ö §ß§Ñ§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §á§â§à§ä§Ú§Ó§à§â§Ö§é§Ú§Ú. §¬§â§à§Þ§Ö §ä§à§Ô§à, §â§Ñ§Ù§Ô§à§Ó§à§â §à §Þ§Ú§â§Ñ§ç §Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§Ô§à§Ó§à§â §à §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§ñ§ç §é§Ñ§ã§ä§à §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ß§ñ§Ö§Þ§í.
§¯§Ñ§é§ß§Ö§Þ §ã §á§à§Õ§ä§Ó§Ö§â§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §é§ä§à §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§ñ §Ú §Ö§Ö §Þ§Ú§â §à§ä§Ý§Ú§é§ß§í §Õ§â§å§Ô §à§ä §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ñ. §£§Ö§â§ã§Ú§ñ, §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§ñ§ë§Ñ§ñ, §é§ä§à §ß§Ñ§Ó§Ö§â§ç§å §Ú§Þ§Ö§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ù§Ó§Ö§Ù§Õ§Ñ, §ã§Ñ§Þ§Ñ §á§à §ã§Ö§Ò§Ö §ß§Ö §ã§Ó§Ö§ä§Ú§ä §Ú§Ý§Ú §ß§Ö §ß§Ñ§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §Õ§Ñ§Ý§Ö§Ü§à§Þ §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§Ú§Ú, §Ñ §Ù§Ó§Ö§Ù§Õ§Ñ §ß§Ö §ã§à§ã§ä§à§Ú§ä §Ú§Ù §Ò§å§Ü§Ó. §³ §Õ§â§å§Ô§à§Û §ã§ä§à§â§à§ß§í, §ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§î, §é§ä§à §ß§Ñ§Ó§Ö§â§ç§å §Ú§Þ§Ö§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ù§Ó§Ö§Ù§Õ§Ñ §Ú §ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§î, §é§ä§à §å§ä§Ó§Ö§â§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö "§¯§Ñ§Ó§Ö§â§ç§å §Ú§Þ§Ö§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ù§Ó§Ö§Ù§Õ§Ñ" §Ú§ã§ä§Ú§ß§ß§à, §à§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ö§ä, §ä§â§Ú§Ó§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à, §á§à§é§ä§Ú §à§Õ§ß§à §Ú §ä§à §Ø§Ö, §Õ§Ñ§Ø§Ö §á§â§Ú §ä§à§Þ, §é§ä§à §à§Õ§Ú§ß, §Ü§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ä§ã§ñ, §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä §à §Ù§Ó§Ö§Ù§Õ§Ö, §Ñ §Õ§â§å§Ô§à§Û §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä §à§Ò §å§ä§Ó§Ö§â§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú. §¹§ä§à §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§à, §Þ§í §ß§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§Þ §ß§Ñ§Û§ä§Ú §ß§Ú §à§Õ§Ú§ß §Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§à§Û §á§â§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ü, §ß§Ö§Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§Þ§í§Û §à§ä §Ó§ã§Ö§ç §Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§Û. §£§ã§Ö, §é§ä§à §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §Ú§ã§ä§Ú§ß§ß§à §ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§à §à §Þ§Ú§â§Ö, §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§ä §à§ä §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§ñ§ë§Ö§Ô§à ¡ª §ß§Ö §ä§Ñ§Ü, §é§ä§à §Ó§ã§Ö, §é§ä§à §Þ§í §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§Þ, §Ú§ã§ä§Ú§ß§ß§à, §ß§à §é§ä§à §Ó§ã§Ö, §é§ä§à §Þ§í §Ú§ã§ä§Ú§ß§ß§à §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§Þ (§Ú§Ý§Ú §Ú§ß§Ñ§é§Ö §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§Þ), §à§ã§Ó§Ö§Õ§à§Þ§Ý§Ö§ß§à §ñ§Ù§í§Ü§à§Þ §Ú §à§ä§ß§à§ã§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à §Ü §ñ§Ù§í§Ü§å §Ú§Ý§Ú §Õ§â§å§Ô§à§Û §ã§Ú§Þ§Ó§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ö, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§å§ð §Þ§í §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§Ö§Þ. §¯§Ö§Ý§î§Ù§ñ §á§â§à§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§Ú §å§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§à§Û §Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§è§í §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §ä§Ö§Þ§Ú §á§â§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ü§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Þ§Ú§â§Ñ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§Þ§í §à§ä §Õ§Ú§ã§Ü§å§â§ã§Ñ §Ú §ä§Ö§Þ§Ú, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §à§ä §ß§Ö§Ô§à §ß§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§ñ§ä. §¬§Ñ§Ü §ñ §ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Ý, "§±§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú, §Ü§à§ß§Ö§é§ß§à, §Þ§í §á§â§à§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§Þ §Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§è§å §Ó§Ö§Ù§Õ§Ö, §Ô§Õ§Ö §ç§à§ä§Ú§Þ, §Ú §Þ§Ö§ß§ñ§Ö§Þ §Ö§Ö §ä§Ñ§Ü §é§Ñ§ã§ä§à, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ä§à§Ô§à §ä§â§Ö§Ò§å§ð§ä §ß§Ñ§ê§Ú §è§Ö§Ý§Ú"[3]. §¦§ã§Ý§Ú §ñ §á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§ð§ã§î §á§â§Ú§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ö§Ô§Ú§Ö§Û §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä§î §Ó §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §Þ§Ö§ã§ä§Ñ§ç §ä§Ñ§Ü, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ò§å§Õ§ä§à §Ö§ã§ä§î §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§Ú, §Ñ §Ó §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç¡ª §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ò§å§Õ§ä§à §Ú§Þ§Ö§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Þ§Ú§â§í §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ó§ã§Ö§ç §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§Û, §ñ §é§Ñ§ã§ä§à §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ð §ï§ä§à §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Õ§Ý§ñ §ä§à§Ô§à, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §á§à§Õ§é§Ö§â§Ü§ß§å§ä§î §ï§ä§à §ã§à§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö.
§º§Ö§æ§æ§Ý§Ö§â §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ó§à§Ù§â§Ñ§Ø§Ñ§Ö§ä §á§â§à§ä§Ú§Ó §Ú§Õ§Ö§Ú, §é§ä§à §Þ§í §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§Ö§Þ §Þ§Ú§â§í, §Ú §à§ß §ß§Ö §à§Õ§Ú§ß§à§Ü §Ó §ï§ä§à§Þ. §°§Ò§í§é§ß§à§Ö §ã§à§á§â§à§ä§Ú§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ó §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §ã§ä§Ö§á§Ö§ß§Ú §Ò§í§ä§î §á§â§Ú§á§Ú§ã§Ñ§ß§à §à§Õ§ß§à§Þ§å §Ú§Ù §Õ§Ó§å§ç §Ü§à§Þ§á§Ý§Ö§Ü§ã§à§Ó. §±§Ö§â§Ó§í§Û ¡ª §Ü§à§Þ§á§Ý§Ö§Ü§ã "§Þ§Ú§â §ä§Ñ§Ü §á§â§Ö§Ü§â§Ñ§ã§Ö§ß, §é§ä§à §ñ §ß§Ö §ã§Þ§à§Ô §Ò§í §ã§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ä§î §Ö§Ô§à §ä§Ñ§Ü §ç§à§â§à§ê§à", §Ú§ß§Ñ§é§Ö §Ú§Ù§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§ß§í§Û §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ü§à§Þ§á§Ý§Ö§Ü§ã "§ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Ò§à§Ô §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §ã§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ä§î §Õ§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§à". §¥§â§å§Ô§à§Û ¡ª §Ü§à§Þ§á§Ý§Ö§Ü§ã "§Þ§Ú§â §ä§Ñ§Ü §å§Ø§Ñ§ã§Ö§ß, §Ñ §ñ §Ó §ï§ä§à§Þ §ß§Ö §Ó§Ú§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ä". §°§Ò§Ñ §à§á§Ú§â§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §à§ê§Ú§Ò§Ü§å, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§å§ð §Þ§í §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§Þ §ã§à§Ó§Ö§â§ê§Ñ§ä§î §Ý§ð§Ò§í§Þ §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§à§Þ, §Ü§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Þ §á§à§ß§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§ã§ñ, §ß§Ö§Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§Þ§à §à§ä §ä§à§Ô§à, §é§ä§à §Þ§í §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§Ö§Þ. §ª§ã§ä§à§é§ß§Ú§Ü §à§ê§Ú§Ò§Ü§Ú §ä§â§å§Õ§ß§à §Ó§à§ã§á§â§Ú§ß§ñ§ä§î. §®§í §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§Ö§Þ §ã§ä§å§Ý§î§ñ, §Ü§à§Þ§á§î§ð§ä§Ö§â§í, §Ü§ß§Ú§Ô§Ú, §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§Ý§Ö§ä§í, §Ú §Õ§Ý§ñ §ä§à§Ô§à, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §ã§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ä§î §Ú§ç §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à, §ä§â§Ö§Ò§å§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ§Ó§í§Ü, §Ù§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ñ §Ú §å§á§à§â§ß§í§Û §ä§â§å§Õ. §³§ä§å§Ý, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û §ñ §ã§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ð, §Ó§Ö§â§à§ñ§ä§ß§à, §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§ä §ê§Ñ§ä§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ; §Ü§ß§Ú§Ô§Ñ §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ò§Ö§ã§Ü§à§ß§Ö§é§ß§í§Ö §Ô§à§Ý§à§Ó§ß§í§Ö §Ò§à§Ý§Ú; §ñ §Ó§à§Ó§ã§Ö §ß§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§å §ã§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ä§î §Ü§à§Þ§á§î§ð§ä§Ö§â; §Ú §ß§Ú§Ü§à§Þ§å §Ó§à§à§Ò§ë§Ö §ß§Ö §å§Õ§Ñ§Ý§à§ã§î §ã§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ä§î §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§Ý§Ö§ä, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û §Õ§Ñ§Ý§Ö§Ü§à §Ý§Ö§ä§Ñ§Ý §Ò§í §ß§Ñ §Ò§Ñ§ä§Ñ§â§Ö§ñ§ç. §³§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§í§ç §Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§Û §Ú§Ý§Ú §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó §ä§ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§Ö§Ö, §é§Ö§Þ §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §ã§ä§å§Ý§î§Ö§Ó §Ú§Ý§Ú §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§Ý§Ö§ä§à§Ó, §Ú §à§ß§Ú §ä§Ö§â§á§ñ§ä §à§Ò§ë§å§ð §ß§Ö§å§Õ§Ñ§é§å §Ó §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §ã§ä§Ö§á§Ö§ß§Ú §á§à§ä§à§Þ§å, §é§ä§à §Ó§Ö§ã§î §Õ§à§ã§ä§å§á§ß§í§Û §ß§Ñ§Þ §Þ§Ñ§ä§Ö§â§Ú§Ñ§Ý ¡ª §á§â§à§Õ§å§Ü§ä§í §á§Ö§â§Ö§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ú §ã§ä§Ñ§â§í§ç §Ú §å§á§â§ñ§Þ§í§ç §Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó. §´§à, §é§ä§à §Þ§í §ã§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§Ý§Ú §Ú§ç §ß§Ö §Ý§å§é§ê§Ö §Ú §ß§Ö §ç§å§Ø§Ö, §ß§Ö §ã§Ó§Ú§Õ§Ö§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §à §ä§à§Þ, §é§ä§à §ã§ä§å§Ý§î§ñ, §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§Ý§Ö§ä§í §Ú§Ý§Ú §Þ§Ú§â§í §ã§Ü§à§â§Ö§Ö §à§Ò§ß§Ñ§â§å§Ø§Ö§ß§í, §é§Ö§Þ §ã§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ß§í.
§º§Ö§æ§æ§Ý§Ö§â §å§ä§Ó§Ö§â§Ø§Õ§Ñ§Ö§ä, §é§ä§à §Þ§í §ß§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§Þ §ã§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ä§î §Ù§Ó§Ö§Ù§Õ§í. §Á §ã§á§â§Ñ§ê§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð §Ö§Ô§à, §Ü§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ú§Ù §á§â§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ü§à§Ó §Ù§Ó§Ö§Ù§Õ §ã§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ß§í §ß§Ö §ß§Ñ§Þ§Ú, §Ú §ä§â§Ö§Ò§å§ð §Ù§Ñ§ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§î, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §à§ß§Ú §à§ä§Ý§Ú§é§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §à§ä §á§â§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ü§à§Ó, §ñ§ã§ß§à §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§ñ§ë§Ú§ç §à§ä §Õ§Ú§ã§Ü§å§â§ã§Ñ. §°§ß §ã§á§â§Ñ§ê§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Þ§í §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§Þ §ã§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ä§î §é§ä§à-§Ý§Ú§Ò§à §ã§ä§Ñ§â§ê§Ö §ß§Ñ§ã? §±§â§à§ã§ä§à, §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ñ §á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ú §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Ö §ã§à§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§ä §ï§ä§Ú §Ù§Ó§Ö§Ù§Õ§í. §¿§ä§à§ä §Þ§Ú§â (§Ú §Þ§ß§à§Ô§à §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç) §Ò§í§Ý §ã§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ß §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ú §ß§Ñ§å§Ü§Ú, §ã §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ú§Þ§Ú §ä§â§å§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§ñ§Þ§Ú, §Ú, §á§à§Õ§à§Ò§ß§à §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§Ú§Þ §æ§Ö§ß§à§Þ§Ö§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ §Þ§Ú§â§Ñ§Þ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §ã§à§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§ä §Ù§Ó§Ö§Ù§Õ§í, §ï§ä§à ¡ª §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §Ú§Ý§Ú §Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§Ö §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §Ú§Ý§Ú §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §Þ§Ú§â. §®§í §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§Þ §Ù§Ñ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§î §ã§à§Ý§ß§è§Ö §à§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ, §ß§à §ß§Ö §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ª§Ú§ã§å§ã §¯§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ß, §Ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ü §¢§â§å§ß§à. §®§í §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§Ö§Þ §Ù§Ó§Ö§Ù§Õ§í, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Þ§í §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§Ö§Þ §ã§à§Ù§Ó§Ö§Ù§Õ§Ú§ñ, §ã§Ü§Ý§Ñ§Õ§í§Ó§Ñ§ñ §Ú§ç §é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §Ó§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§Ö §Ú §à§ä§Þ§Ö§é§Ñ§ñ §Ú§ç §Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§è§í.
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§¬.§¤.§¤§Ö§Þ§á§Ö§Ý§î[4], §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö §ä§ë§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §ã§â§Ñ§Ó§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Þ§à§Ú§ç §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §ã §°§ä§ä§à §¯§Ö§Û§â§Ñ§ä§à§Þ, §Ó§í§Õ§Ó§Ú§Ô§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ö§é§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö, §é§ä§à, §ç§à§ä§ñ §ñ §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§ð, §é§ä§à §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§í §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §ã§Ü§à§â§Ö§Ö §Ó§ã§ä§â§à§Ö§ß§í §Ó §Þ§Ú§â, §é§Ö§Þ §ß§Ñ§Û§Õ§Ö§ß§í §Ó §ß§Ö§Þ, §Þ§í §ß§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§Þ §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î "§Ý§ð§Ò§í§Ö §Ü§â§Ú§ä§Ö§â§Ú§Ú, §Ü§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Ö §ß§Ñ§Þ §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §ß§â§Ñ§Ó§ñ§ä§ã§ñ". §Á §ã§à§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ã§Ö§ß. §¯§à §Ö§Ô§à §Ñ§â§Ô§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä §Ù§Õ§Ö§ã§î §Ý§ð§Ò§à§á§í§ä§Ö§ß. §°§ß §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§Ö§ä §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §Ô§Õ§Ö §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§â§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§ñ ¡ª §é§Ú§ã§Ý§à §å§Õ§Ñ§â§à§Ó §á§å§Ý§î§ã§Ñ §¥§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§Û-§Ý§Ñ§Þ§í §Ó §ä§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ï§ä§à§Ô§à §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§ñ. §¿§ä§à §ß§Ñ§á§à§Þ§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ö§ä §Þ§à§Û §ã§à§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â §ä§Ñ§Ü§à§Û §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í §Ü§à§à§â§Õ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ä, §é§ä§à §Õ§Ó§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ù§Ö§Þ§Ý§Ú §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §ä§Ñ§ß§è§å §±§Ö§ä§â§å§ê§Ü§Ú. §¯§à §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Þ§à§Û §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â §á§â§Ú§Ù§Ó§Ñ§ß §á§à§Õ§é§Ö§â§Ü§ß§å§ä§î §ê§Ú§â§à§Ü§à§Ö §â§Ñ§Ù§ß§à§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§Ú§Ö §á§â§à§ä§Ú§Ó§à§â§Ö§é§Ú§Ó§í§ç §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§Û, §ä§à §Ö§Ô§à §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß §á§â§à§ä§Ú§Ó §Þ§à§Ö§Ô§à §å§ä§Ó§Ö§â§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §é§ä§à "§à§Õ§ß§à§â§à§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§î §á§â§Ú§â§à§Õ§í, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Û §Þ§í §á§à§â§Ñ§Ø§Ñ§Ö§Þ§ã§ñ..., §á§â§Ú§ß§Ñ§Õ§Ý§Ö§Ø§Ú§ä §Þ§Ú§â§å §ß§Ñ§ê§Ö§Ô§à §ã§à§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ"[5], §á§à§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§å, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä §¤§Ö§Þ§á§Ö§Ý§î, §Ó §Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§Ú §ã §¥§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§Û-§Ý§Ñ§Þ§à§Û §ß§Ö §Ò§í§Ý§Ñ §Ò§í §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ñ "§æ§à§â§Þ§å§Ý§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ü§Ñ §ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Ü§Ú§ç §à§Ò§ë§Ú§ç §Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§å§Þ§ß§à §á§â§à§ã§ä§í§ç §Ù§Ñ§Ü§à§ß§à§Ó §á§â§Ú§â§à§Õ§í". §±§â§à§ã§ä§à§ä§Ñ ¡ª §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à §à§Õ§Ú§ß §Ú§Ù §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§Ö§Û§ê§Ú§ç §Ü§â§Ú§ä§Ö§â§Ú§Ö§Ó, §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§Ö§Þ§í§Û §á§â§Ú §Ó§í§Ò§à§â§Ö §ã§â§Ö§Õ§Ú §ä§Ö§à§â§Ú§Û §Ú §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Þ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Þ §Ó §á§à§Ú§ã§Ü§Ö §Ú§ã§ä§Ú§ß§í; §á§à§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§å §å§á§â§à§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö ¡ª §ï§ä§à §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ, §Ñ §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ ¡ª §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú §Õ§å§ê§Ñ §ß§Ñ§å§Ü§Ú. §¯§à §ñ §ß§Ö §Ó§Ú§Ø§å, §Ü§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Þ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Þ §ï§ä§à §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§à§Õ§â§Ñ§Ù§å§Þ§Ö§Ó§Ñ§ä§î, §é§ä§à §Ó§ß§Ö §ã§Ó§à§Ú§ç §Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§Û §á§â§Ú§â§à§Õ§Ñ §á§â§à§ã§ä§Ñ, §é§ä§à §Ò§í §ï§ä§à §ß§Ú §Þ§à§Ô§Ý§à §à§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§ä§î.
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§¤§Ö§Þ§á§Ö§Ý§î §á§â§à§ä§Ö§ã§ä§å§Ö§ä, §ã§á§â§Ñ§ê§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ñ, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ñ §Þ§à§Ô§å, §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §é§ä§à §à§ä§Ü§Ý§à§ß§Ú§Ó §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§Ö §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §ã§à§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ú §Ü§à§ß§Ó§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ö§Û, §ä§Ö§á§Ö§â§î §ä§Ñ§Ü §ã§á§à§Ü§à§Û§ß§à §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ä§Ö§â§Þ§Ú§ß "§Ü§à§ß§Ó§Ö§ß§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Û", §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ò§í §à§ß §ß§Ö §Ò§í§Ý §á§à§Õ§à§Ù§â§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ. §Á §ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ý§ð§ã§î §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Ò§í§Ó§é§Ú§Ó§í§Þ §ã§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§Þ, §ß§à §Ù§Õ§Ö§ã§î §ñ §ß§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Ò§í§Ý §á§â§Ö§Õ§í§Õ§å§ë§Ú§Ö §Ñ§Ò§Ù§Ñ§è§í. §Á §ß§Ñ§Õ§Ö§ñ§Ý§ã§ñ, §é§ä§à §é§Ú§ä§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î §Þ§à§Ô §Ò§í §Ò§í§ä§î §â§Ö§Ù§Ü§à §à§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß §ï§ä§Ú§Þ §Ó§à§á§Ú§ð§ë§Ú§Þ §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §é§ä§à §Õ§Ö§Ù§Ñ§Ó§å§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §ä§Ö§â§Þ§Ú§ß§Ñ §Ú §Þ§à§Ô §Ò§í §ã§á§â§à§ã§Ú§ä§î §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§â§á§â§Ö§ä§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Þ§à§Ö §å§ä§Ó§Ö§â§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö. §¦§Ô§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§ß§í§Ö §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§â§á§â§Ö§ä§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §à§ä§â§Ñ§Ø§Ñ§ä§î §â§Ñ§Ù§ß§í§Ö §Ñ§ã§á§Ö§Ü§ä§í §æ§Ú§Ý§à§ã§à§æ§ã§Ü§à§Û §á§à§Ù§Ú§è§Ú§Ú §Ü§ß§Ú§Ô§Ú. §£§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à, §ß§Ñ§Ú§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §á§â§ñ§Þ§à§Û §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò §ã§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ä§î §ï§ä§à §ã§à§ã§ä§à§Ú§ä §Ó §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ö§Þ: §á§à §Þ§Ö§â§Ö §ä§à§Ô§à, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §å§Ô§Ñ§ã§Ñ§Ö§ä §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§Ö §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §ä§Ö§Þ, §é§ä§à §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§ä §à§ä §Õ§Ú§ã§Ü§å§â§ã§Ñ §Ú §é§ä§à §à§ä §ß§Ö§Ô§à §ß§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§ä, §ä§à §Ø§Ö §á§â§à§Ú§ã§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä §Ú §ã§à §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§í §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Þ§à§Þ §Ú §Ú§Õ§Ö§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Þ§à§Þ; §Ú §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à, §ñ §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ö§ß §Ò§í§Ý §á§â§à§ã§ä§à §ï§ä§à §Ú §ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§î. §¯§à §é§Ö§â§Ö§Ù §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Ö §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §å§ã§ä§Ñ§Ö§ê§î §á§â§Ú§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §ß§Ö§å§Ü§Ý§ð§Ø§Ö-§â§Ö§ê§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §ã§ä§Ú§Ý§ñ §Ó §æ§Ú§Ý§à§ã§à§æ§Ú§Ú.
§¿§ä§à §á§â§Ú§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä §Þ§Ö§ß§ñ §Ü §à§Õ§ß§à§Þ§å §Ù§Ñ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Þ§å §æ§Ú§Ý§à§ã§à§æ§ã§Ü§à§Þ§å §â§Ñ§Ù§Þ§í§ê§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ð. §¹§Ú§ä§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§Ú §é§Ñ§ã§ä§à §ß§Ñ§ç§à§Õ§ñ§ä §Ó §Þ§à§Ú§ç §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§ç ¡ª §Ü §Ú§ç §Ó§à§ã§ç§Ú§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §Ú§Ý§Ú §à§ä§Ó§â§Ñ§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§ð ¡ª §Þ§ß§à§Ô§à §Ü§à§Ý§Ü§à§ã§ä§Ö§Û §Ú §ß§Ö§â§à§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§Ö§Û, §Ú§Ô§â§í §ã§Ý§à§Ó §Ú §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Õ§à§Ü§ã§à§Ó, §Ñ§Ý§Ý§Ú§ä§Ö§â§Ñ§è§Ú§Û §Ú §Ñ§Ý§Ý§Ö§Ô§à§â§Ú§Û, §Þ§Ö§ä§Ñ§æ§à§â §Ú §Þ§Ö§ä§à§ß§Ú§Þ§Ú§Û, §ã§Ú§ß§Ö§Ü§Õ§à§ç §Ú §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç §Ô§â§Ö§ç§à§Ó. §¦§ã§Ý§Ú §Ö§ã§ä§î §ä§Ñ§Ü §Þ§ß§à§Ô§à §á§å§ä§Ö§Û §â§Ö§æ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ñ §Õ§å§Þ§Ñ§ð, §ä§à, §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à, §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ú§Ù §ï§ä§Ú§ç §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó ¡ª §ß§Ö §á§â§à§ã§ä§à §ç§å§Õ§à§Ø§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ö §à§æ§à§â§Þ§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú§Ý§Ú §ß§Ö§å§Õ§Ñ§é§ß§í§Ö §á§à§á§í§ä§Ü§Ú §ß§Ö §Õ§Ñ§ä§î §é§Ú§ä§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§ð §Ù§Ñ§ã§ß§å§ä§î, §ß§à §ß§Ö§à§ä§ì§Ö§Þ§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ñ §é§Ñ§ã§ä§î §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §æ§Ú§Ý§à§ã§à§æ§Ú§Ú §Ú §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó.
§·§à§ä§ñ §ñ §ß§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§ð, §é§ä§à §Ú§Þ§Ö§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §Ó§Ú§Õ§å, §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§ñ§ä, §é§ä§à §ï§ä§à§ä §Þ§Ú§â §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §á§â§à§ã§ä§í§Þ §Ú§Ý§Ú §ã§Ý§à§Ø§ß§í§Þ, §ñ §Ú§Þ§Ö§ð §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Ö §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §é§ä§à §Ú§Þ§Ö§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §Ó§Ú§Õ§å, §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§ñ§ä, §é§ä§à §ã§â§Ö§Õ§Ú §Þ§ß§à§Ô§Ú§ç §Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §à§ß§Ú §Ó§à§à§Ò§ë§Ö §Ö§ã§ä§î, §Ö§ã§ä§î §á§â§à§ã§ä§í§Ö §Ú §ã§Ý§à§Ø§ß§í§Ö, §Ò§Ö§ã§ç§Ú§ä§â§à§ã§ä§ß§í§Ö §Ú §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ö§ä§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §á§â§à§Ù§Ñ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ú §á§à§ï§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö.
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[1] H. Putnam. "Reflections on Goodman's Ways of Worldmaking", Journal of Philosophy, 76 (1979), §â§â. 603‑618.
[2] I. Scheffler. "The Wonderful Worlds of Goodman", Synthese, 45 (1980), §â§â. 201‑209.
[3] §¤§Ý§Ñ§Ó§Ñ 7, §â§Ñ§Ù§Õ§Ö§Ý 2 (§á§â§Ú§Þ. §á§Ö§â.).
[4] C. G. Hempel. "Comments on Goodman's Ways of Worldmaking", Synthese, 45 (1980), §â§â. 193‑199.
[5] §¤§Ý§Ñ§Ó§Ñ 1, §â§Ñ§Ù§Õ§Ö§Ý 4 (§á§â§Ú§Þ. §á§Ö§â.).
[6] §¤§Ý§Ñ§Ó§Ñ 7, §â§Ñ§Ù§Õ§Ö§Ý 2 (§á§â§Ú§Þ. §á§Ö§â.).
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